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arXiv:0810.2217 · International Conference on Atomic Physics (ICAP)

A DISSIPATIVE TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS OF MOLECULES

S. DÜRR, N. SYASSEN, D. M. BAUER, M. LETTNER, Thomas Volz, D. DIETZE, J.-J. GARCÍA-RIPOLL, J. I. CIRAC, G. REMPE

Published Mar 1, 2009• 0 citations
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Abstract

Strongly correlated states in many-body systems are traditionally created using elastic interparticle interactions. Here we show that inelastic interactions between particles can also drive a system into the strongly correlated regime. This is shown by an experimental realization of a specific strongly correlated system, namely a one-dimensional molecular Tonks-Girardeau gas.

DOI
10.1142/9789814273008_0029

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Strongly correlated states in many-body systems are traditionally created using elastic interparticle interactions. Here we show that inelastic interactions between particles can also drive a system into the strongly correlated regime. This is shown by an experimental realization of a specific strongly correlated system, namely a one-dimensional molecular Tonks-Girardeau gas.
We show that strong inelastic interactions between bosons in one dimension create a Tonks-Girardeau gas, much as in the case of elastic interactions. We derive a Markovian master equation that describes the loss caused by the inelastic collisions. This yields a loss rate equation and a dissipative Lieb-Liniger model for short times. We obtain an analytic expression for the pair correlation function in the limit of strong dissipation. Numerical calculations show how a diverging dissipation strength leads to a vanishing of the actual loss rate and renders an additional elastic part of the interaction irrelevant.
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We consider a homogeneous 1D Bose gas with contact interactions and a large attractive coupling constant. This system can be realized in tight waveguides by exploiting a confinement induced resonance of the effective 1D scattering amplitude. By using the diffusion Monte Carlo method we show that, for small densities, the gaslike state is well described by a gas of hard rods. The critical density for cluster formation is estimated using the variational Monte Carlo method. The behavior of the correlation functions and of the frequency of the lowest breathing mode for harmonically trapped systems shows that the gas is more strongly correlated than in the Tonks-Girardeau regime.
This thesis reports on experiments with ultracold atomic and molecular quantum gases. Magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances are used to associate diatomic molecules from atomic 87Rb in a three-dimensional optical lattice. In a first experiment, molecules are formed by a sudden jump of the magnetic field to the resonance. This induces coherent atom-molecule oscillations with large amplitude. In another experiment, a dissipative analog of the one-dimensional Tonks-Girardeau gas is realized with molecules in an optical lattice. Inelastic collisions between the molecules lead to particle loss. This interaction is so strong that the system reaches the strongly correlated regime, and the molecules, which are bosons, are forced to behave much like fermions. The strong correlations suppress the molecule loss rate by up to three orders of magnitude.
We consider an ultracold atomic gas trapped in a one-dimensional harmonic oscilla- tor potential. We study the transition from a Bose-Einstein condensate, in the small atom-atom interaction limit, to a strongly interacting Tonks-Girardeau gas, as the interaction is varied from zero to large values. The response of the system against a monopolar perturbation is characterized by the moments of the dynamic structure function. The calculations have been done by direct diagonalization of the second quantized many-body Hamiltonian in a truncated Fock space. The corresponding virial theorem for the many-body states has been employed to cross-check the validity of our numerical techniques.