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arXiv:0809.4090 · Physical Review Letters

Matter Coupling to Strong Electromagnetic Fields in Two-Level Quantum Systems with Broken Inversion Symmetry

Oleg V. Kibis, Gregory Ya. Slepyan, С. А. Максименко, A. Hoffmann

Published Jan 12, 2009• 97 citations
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Abstract

We demonstrate theoretically the parametric oscillator behavior of a two-level quantum system with broken inversion symmetry exposed to a strong electromagnetic field. A multitude of resonance frequencies and additional harmonics in the scattered light spectrum as well as an altered Rabi frequency are predicted to be inherent to such systems. In particular, dipole radiation at the Rabi frequency appears to be possible. Since the Rabi frequency is controlled by the strength of the coupling electromagnetic field, the effect can serve for the frequency-tuned parametric amplification and generation of electromagnetic waves. Manifestation of the effect is discussed for III-nitride quantum dots with strong built-in electric field breaking the inversion symmetry. Terahertz emission from arrays of such quantum dots is shown to be experimentally observable.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.102.023601

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We demonstrate theoretically the parametric oscillator behavior of a two-level quantum system with broken inversion symmetry exposed to a strong electromagnetic field. A multitude of resonance frequencies and additional harmonics in the scattered light spectrum as well as an altered Rabi frequency are predicted to be inherent to such systems. In particular, dipole radiation at the Rabi frequency appears to be possible. Since the Rabi frequency is controlled by the strength of the coupling electromagnetic field, the effect can serve for the frequency-tuned parametric amplification and generation of electromagnetic waves. Manifestation of the effect is discussed for III-nitride quantum dots with strong built-in electric field breaking the inversion symmetry. Terahertz emission from arrays of such quantum dots is shown to be experimentally observable.
Exposed to a strong electromagnetic field, a two-level system with broken inversion symmetry radiates at the Rabi frequency ΩR. This can be used to generate terahertz waves [Phys. Rev. Lett.102, 023601 (2009)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.102.023601]. We show that a system composed of two tunneling-coupled asymmetric two-level systems radiates at frequency (ξ1−ξ2)2+ΩR2, where energies ℏξ1 and ℏξ2 characterize the tunneling interaction. This opens the possibility of tuning the terahertz spectrum in a considerable range. We also show that for particular amplitudes of the driving field, the emission at frequency (ξ1−ξ2)2+ΩR2 is suppressed.
We have investigated theoretically the interaction between individual quantum dot with broken inversion symmetry and an electromagnetic field of a single-mode quantum microcavity. It is shown that in the strong-coupling regime the system demonstrates nonlinear optical properties and can serve as emitter of the terahertz radiation at Rabi frequency of the system. Analytical results for the simplest physical situations are obtained and a numerical quantum approach for calculating an emission spectrum is developed.
If a two-level atomic system characterized by inversion symmetry in space is coupled to a classical electromagnetic field, it undergoes Rabi oscillations where the population flips between the ground and excited levels. We investigate a scenario, where a system of broken inversion symmetry is used instead. In such case the dynamics is modified for the following reason: Eigenstates of an asymmetric system can be characterized with a permanent electric dipole moment originating from the polarization of charges, which plays a significant role of an additional source of dipole radiation. Its frequency corresponds to the Rabi frequency of population transfer between the eigenstates and therefore is optically tunable with the intensity of the driving field. We construct the numerical solver to simulate the medium of such asymmetric systems driven by the laser beam and by the Bloch-Maxwell equations calculate the generated radiation's propagation.
We present the theory of resonance fluorescence from an asymmetric quantum dot driven by a two-component electromagnetic field with two different frequencies, polarizations, and amplitudes (bichromatic field) in the regime of strong light-matter coupling. It follows from the elaborated theory that the broken inversion symmetry of the driven quantum system and the bichromatic structure of the driving field result in unexpected features of the resonance fluorescence, including the infinite set of Mollow triplets, the quench of fluorescence peaks induced by the dressing field, and the oscillating behavior of the fluorescence intensity as a function of the dressing field amplitude. These quantum phenomena are of general physical nature and, therefore, can take place in various double-driven quantum systems with broken inversion symmetry.
A two-level quantum emitter with broken inversion symmetry simultaneously driven by an optical field and a microwave field that couples to the permanent dipole's moment is presented. We focus to a situation where the angular frequency of the microwave field is chosen such that it closely matches the Rabi frequency of the optical field, the so-called Rabi resonance condition. Using a series of unitary transformations we obtain an effective Hamiltonian in the double-dressed basis which results in easily solvable Bloch equations which allow us to derive analytical expressions for the spectrum of the scattered photons. We analyze the steady-state population inversion of the system which shows a distinctive behavior at the Rabi resonance with regard to an ordinary two-level nonpolar system. We show that saturation can be produced even in the case that the optical field is far detuned from the transition frequency, and we demonstrate that this behavior can be controlled through the intensity and the angular frequency of the microwave field. The spectral properties of the scattered photons are analyzed and manifest the emergence of a series of Mollow-like triplets which may be spectrally broadened or narrowed for proper values of the amplitude and/or frequency of the low-frequency field. We also analyze the phase-dependent spectrum which reveals that a significant enhancement or suppression of the squeezing at certain sidebands can be produced. These quantum phenomena are illustrated in a recently synthesized molecular complex with high nonlinear optical response although they can also occur in other quantum systems with broken inversion symmetry.
Abstract The fluorescent radiative properties of a two-level quantum polar system with broken spatial inversion symmetry being realized as a model of a single-electron two-level “atom” with permanent atomic electric dipole moment, so that its electric dipole operator diagonal matrix elements are not equal to each other, were examined. In practice, such a system can be realized as an asymmetric quantum dot. A particular case when this system is driven by a trichromatic external field, with two high-frequency bichromatic field components of equal Rabi frequencies and carrier frequencies being placed symmetrically around the atomic transition frequency, and one more low-frequency component being in resonance with the Rabi frequency of the high-frequency components, was analyzed. It was shown that the high-frequency spectral properties of the fluorescent radiation can be altered with equal efficiency either by controlling the intensity of the low-frequency component of the trichromatic driving field or by changing the degree of the quantum dot asymmetry. Possible options to apply this potentially useful effect for practical purposes in the field of optoelectronics are also discussed.