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arXiv:0809.4018 · New Journal of Physics

Megabits secure key rate quantum key distribution

Qi-Fa Zhang, H Takesue, T Honjo, Kai Wen, T Hirohata, M Suyama, Y Takiguchi, Hidehiko Kamada, 康弘 都倉, O Tadanaga, Y Nishida, M Asobe, Y. Yamamoto

Published Apr 30, 2009• 67 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum cryptography can provide unconditional secure communication between two authorized parties based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics. However, imperfect practical conditions limit its transmission distance and communication speed. Here, we implemented the differential phase shift (DPS) quantum key distribution (QKD) with an up-conversion-assisted hybrid photon detector (HPD) and achieved a 1.3 Mbits per second secure key rate over a 10 km fiber, which is tolerant against photon number splitting (PNS) attack, general collective attacks on individual photons and any other known sequential unambiguous state discrimination (USD) attacks.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/11/4/045010

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Quantum cryptography can provide unconditional secure communication between two authorized parties based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics. However, imperfect practical conditions limit its transmission distance and communication speed. Here, we implemented the differential phase shift (DPS) quantum key distribution (QKD) with an up-conversion-assisted hybrid photon detector (HPD) and achieved a 1.3 Mbits per second secure key rate over a 10 km fiber, which is tolerant against photon number splitting (PNS) attack, general collective attacks on individual photons and any other known sequential unambiguous state discrimination (USD) attacks.
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Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been studied as an ultimate method for secure communications, and it now is emerging as a technology that can be deployed in real fibre networks. Here, we present our QKD experiments based on the differential phase shift QKD (DPS-QKD) protocol. A DPS-QKD system has a simple configuration that is easy to implement with conventional optical communication components, and it is suitable for a high clock rate system. Moreover, although the DPS-QKD system is implemented with an attenuated laser source, it is inherently secure against strong eavesdropping attacks called photon number splitting attacks, which pose a serious threat to conventional QKD systems with attenuated laser sources. We also describe three types of single photon detectors that are suitable for high-speed, long-distance QKD: an upconversion detector, a superconducting single photon detector, and a sinusoidally gated InGaAs avalanche photodiode. We present our record setting QKD experiments that employed those detectors.
We present a quantum key distribution experiment in which keys that were secure against all individual eavesdropping attacks allowed by quantum mechanics were distributed over 100 km of optical fiber. We implemented the differential phase shift quantum key distribution protocol and used low timing jitter 1.55 microm single-photon detectors based on frequency up-conversion in periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides and silicon avalanche photodiodes. Based on the security analysis of the protocol against general individual attacks, we generated secure keys at a practical rate of 166 bit/s over 100 km of fiber. The use of the low jitter detectors also increased the sifted key generation rate to 2 Mbit/s over 10 km of fiber.