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arXiv:0808.2108 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

Nonlinear integral equations and determinant formulae of the openXXZspin chain

Alexander Seel, Tobias Wirth

Published Feb 18, 2009• 1 citation
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Abstract

We derive a nonlinear integral equation for the Bethe ansatz solvable open XXZ spin chain of arbitrary length describing the lowest lying state with zero magnetization. For this case we show how to combine the integral representation with the known determinant formula of norms and scalar products.
DOI
10.1088/1751-8113/42/11/115202

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Abstract We calculate the scalar product of Bethe states of the XXZ spin- 1 2 chain with general integrable boundary conditions. The off-shell equations satisfied by the transfer matrix and the off-shell Bethe vectors allow one to derive a linear system for the scalar product of off-shell and on-shell Bethe states. We show that this linear system can be solved in terms of a compact determinant formula that involves the Jacobian of the transfer matrix eigenvalue and certain q -Pochhammer polynomials of the boundary couplings.
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The calculation of the correlation functions of Bethe ansatz solvable models is very difficult problem.Among these solvable models spin 1/2 XXX chain has been investigated for a long time.Even for this model only the nearest neighbor and the second neighbor correlations were known.In 1990's multiple integral formula for the general correlations is derived.But the integration of this formula is also very difficult problem.Recently these integrals are decomposed to products of one dimensional integrals and at zero temperature, zero magnetic field and isotropic case, correlation functions are expressed by log 2 and Riemann's zeta functions with odd integer argument ζ(3), ζ(5), ζ(7), . . . .We can calculate density sub-matrix of successive seven sites.Entanglement entropy of seven sites is calculated.These methods can be extended to XXZ chain up to n = 4. Correlation functions are expressed by the generalized zeta functions.Several years ago I derived new thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equation for XXZ chain.This is quite different with Yang-Yang type TBA equations and contains only one unknown function.This equation is very useful to get the high temperature expansion.In this paper we get the analytic solution of this equation at ∆ = 0.
For the integrable spin- s XXZ chain we express explicitly any given spin- s form factor in terms of a sum over the scalar products of the spin-1/2 fundamental operators of the algebraic Bethe ansatz. Here, they are given by the operator-valued matrix elements of the monodromy matrix of the spin-1/2 XXZ spin chain. We derive the reduction formula of higher-spin form factors by the fusion method in detail. We call an arbitrary matrix element of a local operator between two Bethe eigenstates a form factor of the operator in this paper. We thus revise the derivation of the higher-spin XXZ form factors given in a previous paper. The revised method has several interesting applications in mathematical physics. For instance, we express the spin- s XXZ correlation function of an arbitrary entry at zero temperature in terms of a sum of multiple integrals.