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arXiv:0807.3306 · Nature Physics

Observation of an Efimov-like trimer resonance in ultracold atom–dimer scattering

Steven Knoop, Francesca Ferlaino, Manfred J. Mark, Martin Berninger, Harald Schöbel, Hanns‐Christoph Nägerl, Rudolf Grimm

Published Feb 22, 2009• 233 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1038/nphys1203

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We study the collisional properties of an ultracold mixture of cesium atoms and dimers close to a Feshbach resonance near 550 G in the regime of positive sss-wave scattering lengths. We observe an atom-dimer loss resonance that is related to Efimov's scenario of trimer states. The resonance is found at a value of the scattering length that is different from a previous observation at low magnetic fields. This indicates nonuniversal behavior of the Efimov spectrum for positive scattering lengths. We compare our observations with predictions from effective field theory and with a recent model based on the van der Waals interaction. We present additional measurements on pure atomic samples in order to check for the presence of a resonant loss feature related to an avalanche effect, as suggested by observations in other atomic species. We could not confirm the presence of such a feature.
A new narrow three-atom loss resonance associated with an Efimov trimer crossing the three-atom threshold has recently been discovered in a many-body system of ultracold 6Li^{6}\mathrm{Li}6Li atoms in the three lowest hyperfine spin states at a magnetic field near 895 G. O'Hara and coworkers have used measurements of the three-body recombination rate in this region to determine the complex three-body parameter associated with Efimov physics. Using this parameter as the input, we calculate the universal predictions for the spectrum of Efimov states and for the three-body recombination rate in the universal region above 600 G where all three scattering lengths are large. We predict an atom-dimer loss resonance at $672\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$ G associated with an Efimov trimer disappearing through an atom-dimer threshold. We also predict an interference minimum in the three-body recombination rate at $759\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ G where the three-spin mixture may be sufficiently stable to allow experimental study of the many-body system.
Ultracold gases of three distinguishable particles with large scattering lengths are expected to show rich few-body physics related to the Efimov effect. We have created three different mixtures of ultracold 6Li atoms and weakly bound 6Li2 dimers consisting of atoms in three different hyperfine states and studied their inelastic decay via atom-dimer collisions. We have found resonant enhancement of the decay due to the crossing of Efimov-like trimer states with the atom-dimer continuum in one mixture as well as minima of the decay in another mixture, which we interpret as a suppression of exchange reactions of the type |12+|3→|23+|1. Such a suppression is caused by interference between different decay paths and demonstrates the possibility of using Efimov physics to control the rate constants for molecular exchange reactions in the ultracold regime.