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arXiv:0807.1580 · The European Physical Journal B

Spin squeezing in a bimodal condensate: spatial dynamics and particle losses

Yun Li, Philipp Treutlein, Jakob Reichel, Alice Sinatra

Published Jan 9, 2009• 99 citations
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Abstract

We propose an analytical method to study the entangled spatial and spin dynamics of interacting bimodal Bose-Einstein condensates. We show that at particular times during the evolution spatial and spin dynamics disentangle and the spin squeezing can be predicted by a simple two-mode model. We calculate the maximum spin squeezing achievable in experimentally relevant situations with Sodium or Rubidium bimodal condensates, including the effect of the dynamics and of one, two and three-body losses.

DOI
10.1140/epjb/e2008-00472-6

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We propose an analytical method to study the entangled spatial and spin dynamics of interacting bimodal Bose-Einstein condensates. We show that at particular times during the evolution spatial and spin dynamics disentangle and the spin squeezing can be predicted by a simple two-mode model. We calculate the maximum spin squeezing achievable in experimentally relevant situations with Sodium or Rubidium bimodal condensates, including the effect of the dynamics and of one, two and three-body losses.
Spin squeezed states are multi-particle entangled states that have practical interest in quantum metrology and atomic interferometer. In this thesis, we study theoretically realistic schemes for the production of spin squeezed states using the coherent interactions between cold atoms in a bimodal Bose-Einstein condensate. In particular, we include decoherence process such as particle losses, as well as spatial dynamics which limit the maximum squeezing reachable in a real experiment. We find that the effect of losses cannot be neglected as soon as the lost fraction of particles is of the order of the squeezing parameter. The analytical solution that we find, using Monte-Carlo wave functions approach, allows us to perform an optimization for the spin squeezing with respect to the experiment parameters. The method that we develop to study the entangled spatial and spin dynamics of interacting bimodal BEC allows a full analytical treatment for spin squeezing in some cases and can be used in the general case without the need of heavy numerics. We apply our theoretical studies to an experiment for spin squeezing recently realized successfully on an atom chip. Finally, we study the spin squeezing in a related but different system of a BEC with two external modes coherently coupled by the tunnel effect. We study this problem with a dynamical two-mode model for T << Tc and within a multimode approach in thermal equilibrium for T ~ Tc.
We consider dynamically generated spin squeezing in interacting bimodal condensates. We show that particle losses and non-zero temperature effects in a multimode theory completely change the scaling of the best squeezing for large atom numbers. We present the new scalings and we give approximate analytical expressions for the squeezing in the thermodynamic limit. Besides reviewing our recent theoretical results, we give here a simple physical picture of how decoherence acts to limit the squeezing. We show in particular that under certain conditions the decoherence due to losses and non-zero temperature acts as a simple dephasing.
We develop a cumulant based formalism to deterministically calculate the lowest order quantum fluctuations of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate. We use this to study spin squeezing induced by the atom-atom interaction nonlinearity. Our formalism naturally accounts for the multimode spatial description of the condensate, extending previous spin squeezing work which assumed a single spatial mode. We study spin squeezing in both the miscible and immiscible (phase separating) regimes for the scattering lengths. In the miscible regime, we find the squeezing parameter deviates very little from the single spatial mode approach, while in the phase separating regime, we find the squeezing is slightly reduced, though significant squeezing still occurs.