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arXiv:0807.0726 · Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Critical Velocities in Two-Component Superfluid Bose Gases

L. Yu. Kravchenko, D. V. Fil

Published Nov 20, 2007• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s10909-007-9595-3

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Abstract The explanation of the phenomenon of superfluidity requires an in‐depth analysis of both equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistics. This can be done in dilute gases by a systematic expansion in powers of the density, as done for classical gases in Prigogine's book on kinetic theory. Following the method of expansion of Prigogine and Résibois, the thermodynamics of a dilute gas of N identical Bosons with condensate can be studied in the case of a superflow, that is, of a finite and uniform velocity difference between the normal and superfluid component (assumed at rest). The microscopic interactions between the two components conserve the momentum of the normal component, making it a thermodynamic parameter. No thermal equilibrium exists if the velocity difference is larger than a critical value far below the onset of dissipation given by Landau's criterion. Consequences of this are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
The question of the critical velocities of superfluid motion in a homogeneous, slightly nonideal two-component Bose gas with point interactions between particles is examined on the basis of the Landau criterion. It is shown that in the motion of the components with different velocities, the velocity of each component is not necessarily less than the minimal phase velocity of the elementary excitations in the nonmoving condensate. The Landau criterion leads to a joint condition on the values of the velocities of the components and the angle between them. It is found that the maximum value of the critical velocity of a given component can be achieved when the other component is at rest or when the components move in mutually perpendicular directions. The results are generalized to the case of a long-range interaction between particles and also for an inhomogeneous two-component Bose gas confined in a cylindrical harmonic potential. It is shown that in these cases the behavior of the critical velocities is qualitatively similar to that in a homogeneous two-component system with point interactions.