Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:0806.3839 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

N-body Efimov states of trapped bosons

Mathias Kirk Thøgersen, D. V. Fedorov, A. S. Jensen

Published Jul 29, 2008• 30 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We demonstrate the possibility of existence of meta-stable N-body Efimov states in trapped Bose systems with large scattering length. We calculate spectra of trapped systems of N=3,4,5,6, and 7 bosons using a stochastic variational method with a restricted correlated Gaussian basis. For each system the calculations reveal a series of Efimov states where the energy and the r.m.s. radius exhibit the characteristic exponential dependence upon the state number. We also estimate the contribution of these states to the recombination rate of Bose-Einstein condensates.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/83/30012

Related papers

Correlated Trapped Bosons and the Many-Body Efimov Effect

Ole Gade Sørensen, D. V. Fedorov, A. S. Jensen

We study two-body correlations in systems of identical bosons. We use a Faddeev type of decomposition of the wave function where all pairs of particles are treated equally. At large scattering length appears a series of Efimov-like states, i.e., spatially extended, model-independent many-body bound states inside the trap. They may play a role in the decay of Bose-Einstein condensates.

arXiv:cond-mat/0203400•Physical Review Letters•Oct 4, 2002•33 citations

Decay of boson systems with large scattering length

O S rensen, D. V. Fedorov, A. S. Jensen

We investigate systems of identical bosons with the focus on two-body correlations. We apply a Faddeev type of decomposition of the wavefunction. At large scattering length a series of spatially extended many-body bound states appears, analogously to the three-body Efimov states. We discuss a recombination process with these many-body Efimov states as intermediate states.

Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics•Jun 1, 2003•0 citations

Hyperspherical lowest-order constrained-variational approximation to resonant Bose-Einstein condensates

Michelle Wynne Sze, A. G. Sykes, D. Blume +1 more

We study the ground-state properties of a system of $N$ harmonically trapped bosons of mass $m$ interacting with two-body contact interactions, from small to large scattering lengths. This is accomplished in a hyperspherical coordinate system that is flexible enough to describe both the overall scale of the gas and two-body correlations. By adapting the lowest-order constrained-variational method, we are able to semiquantitatively attain Bose-Einstein condensate ground-state energies even for gases with infinite scattering length. In the large-particle-number limit, our method provides analytical estimates for the energy per particle ${E}_{0}/N\ensuremath{\approx}2.5{N}^{1/3}\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}$ and two-body contact ${C}_{2}/N\ensuremath{\approx}16{N}^{1/6}\sqrt{m\ensuremath{\omega}/\ensuremath{\hbar}}$ for a Bose gas on resonance, where $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is the trap frequency.

arXiv:1802.02103•Physical Review A•Mar 16, 2018•7 citations

From Efimov Physics to the Bose Polaron using Gaussian States

Arthur Christianen, J. I. Cirac, Richard Schmidt

Since the Efimov effect was introduced in 1970, a detailed theoretical understanding of Efimov physics has been developed in the few-body context. However, it has proven to be challenging to describe the role Efimov-type correlations play in many-body systems such as quenched or collapsing Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). To study the impact the Efimov effect can have in such scenarios, we consider a light impurity immersed in a weakly interacting BEC, forming a Bose polaron. In this case, the higher-order correlations are localized around the impurity, making it more feasible to develop a theoretical description. Specifically, we employ a Gaussian state variational Ansatz in the reference frame of the impurity, capable of both capturing the Efimov effect and the formation of the polaron cloud. We find that the Efimov effect leads to a cooperative binding of bosons to the impurity and the formation of a many-body bound state. As a result, the polaron is not the ground state, but rendered a metastable excited state which can decay into these Efimov clusters. While this decay is slow for small interaction strengths, it becomes more prominent as the attractive scattering length increases, up to the point where the polaron becomes completely unstable. This critical scattering length can be interpreted as a many-body shifted Efimov resonance, where the scattering of two excitations of the bath with the polaron can lead to bound state formation. Compared to the few-body case, the resonance is shifted to smaller attractive scattering lengths due to the participation of the polaron cloud in the cooperative binding process. This corresponds to an intriguing scenario of polaron-assisted chemistry, where many-body effects lead to enhanced signal of the chemical recombination process, which can be directly probed in state-of-the-art experiments.

arXiv:2108.03175•Aug 6, 2021•1 citation

Dilute Bose-Einstein Condensate with Large Scattering Length

Eric Braaten, H.‐W. Hammer, Thomas Mehen

We study a dilute Bose gas of atoms whose scattering length a is large compared to the range of their interaction. We calculate the energy density E of a homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to second order in the low-density expansion, expressing it in terms of a and a second parameter Lambda* that determines the low-energy observables in the three-body sector. The second-order correction to E has a small imaginary part that reflects the instability due to three-body recombination. In the case of a trapped BEC with large negative a, we calculate the coefficient of the three-body mean-field term in E in terms of a and Lambda*. It can be very large if there is an Efimov state near threshold.

arXiv:cond-mat/0108380•Physical Review Letters•Jan 1, 2002•131 citations

Efimov states for systems with negative scattering lengths

S. Jonsell

The recent experimental results showing the existence of an Efimov state (Kraemer T. et al. , Nature , 440 (2006) 315) are used to fix the three-body parameter for cesium. With the value of this parameter known, several three-body properties can be calculated quantitatively, without any other information about the boson-boson interaction. Finite-temperature results for the rate of formation of dimers are found to agree very well with the experimental results. Properties of bound Efimov states and predissociative Efimov resonances are calculated. The lifetime of the predissociative resonances are calculated using the complex coordinate rotation method. For Efimov states confined by an external harmonic potential there are significant changes to both energies and lifetimes if the oscillator length is comparable to or smaller than the two-body scattering length.

Europhysics Letters (EPL)•Aug 30, 2006•31 citations
We demonstrate the possibility of existence of meta-stable N-body Efimov states in trapped Bose systems with large scattering length. We calculate spectra of trapped systems of N=3,4,5,6, and 7 bosons using a stochastic variational method with a restricted correlated Gaussian basis. For each system the calculations reveal a series of Efimov states where the energy and the r.m.s. radius exhibit the characteristic exponential dependence upon the state number. We also estimate the contribution of these states to the recombination rate of Bose-Einstein condensates.
We study the ground-state properties of a system of NNN harmonically trapped bosons of mass mmm interacting with two-body contact interactions, from small to large scattering lengths. This is accomplished in a hyperspherical coordinate system that is flexible enough to describe both the overall scale of the gas and two-body correlations. By adapting the lowest-order constrained-variational method, we are able to semiquantitatively attain Bose-Einstein condensate ground-state energies even for gases with infinite scattering length. In the large-particle-number limit, our method provides analytical estimates for the energy per particle ${E}_{0}/N\ensuremath{\approx}2.5{N}^{1/3}\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}$ and two-body contact ${C}_{2}/N\ensuremath{\approx}16{N}^{1/6}\sqrt{m\ensuremath{\omega}/\ensuremath{\hbar}}$ for a Bose gas on resonance, where $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is the trap frequency.
Since the Efimov effect was introduced in 1970, a detailed theoretical understanding of Efimov physics has been developed in the few-body context. However, it has proven to be challenging to describe the role Efimov-type correlations play in many-body systems such as quenched or collapsing Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). To study the impact the Efimov effect can have in such scenarios, we consider a light impurity immersed in a weakly interacting BEC, forming a Bose polaron. In this case, the higher-order correlations are localized around the impurity, making it more feasible to develop a theoretical description. Specifically, we employ a Gaussian state variational Ansatz in the reference frame of the impurity, capable of both capturing the Efimov effect and the formation of the polaron cloud. We find that the Efimov effect leads to a cooperative binding of bosons to the impurity and the formation of a many-body bound state. As a result, the polaron is not the ground state, but rendered a metastable excited state which can decay into these Efimov clusters. While this decay is slow for small interaction strengths, it becomes more prominent as the attractive scattering length increases, up to the point where the polaron becomes completely unstable. This critical scattering length can be interpreted as a many-body shifted Efimov resonance, where the scattering of two excitations of the bath with the polaron can lead to bound state formation. Compared to the few-body case, the resonance is shifted to smaller attractive scattering lengths due to the participation of the polaron cloud in the cooperative binding process. This corresponds to an intriguing scenario of polaron-assisted chemistry, where many-body effects lead to enhanced signal of the chemical recombination process, which can be directly probed in state-of-the-art experiments.
We study a dilute Bose gas of atoms whose scattering length a is large compared to the range of their interaction. We calculate the energy density E of a homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to second order in the low-density expansion, expressing it in terms of a and a second parameter Lambda* that determines the low-energy observables in the three-body sector. The second-order correction to E has a small imaginary part that reflects the instability due to three-body recombination. In the case of a trapped BEC with large negative a, we calculate the coefficient of the three-body mean-field term in E in terms of a and Lambda*. It can be very large if there is an Efimov state near threshold.
The recent experimental results showing the existence of an Efimov state (Kraemer T. et al. , Nature , 440 (2006) 315) are used to fix the three-body parameter for cesium. With the value of this parameter known, several three-body properties can be calculated quantitatively, without any other information about the boson-boson interaction. Finite-temperature results for the rate of formation of dimers are found to agree very well with the experimental results. Properties of bound Efimov states and predissociative Efimov resonances are calculated. The lifetime of the predissociative resonances are calculated using the complex coordinate rotation method. For Efimov states confined by an external harmonic potential there are significant changes to both energies and lifetimes if the oscillator length is comparable to or smaller than the two-body scattering length.