arXiv:0806.3464 · Physical Review A

Photoassociation spectroscopy of a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate

Christopher D. Hamley, Eva Bookjans, G. Behinaein, Peyman Ahmadi, Michael Chapman

Published Feb 2, 2009• 52 citations

Abstract

We report on the high resolution photoassociation spectroscopy of a $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate to the ${1}_{g}({P}_{3∕2})$ $v=152$ excited molecular states. We demonstrate the use of spin dependent photoassociation to experimentally identify the molecular states and their corresponding initial scattering channel. These identifications are in excellent agreement with the eigenvalues of a hyperfine-rotational Hamiltonian. Using the observed spectra we estimate the change in scattering length and identify photoassociation laser light frequency ranges that maximize the change in the spin-dependent mean-field interaction energy.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.79.023401

Related papers

Photoassociation spectroscopy of weakly bound $^{87}Rb_{2}$ molecules near $5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}$ threshold by optical Bragg scattering in Bose-Einstein condensates

Khan Sadiq Nawaz, Liangchao Chen, Chengdong Mi +4 more

arXiv:2010.08964Oct 18, 20200 citations

Photoassociation spectroscopy of weakly bound Rb287 molecules near the 5P1/2+5S1/2 threshold by optical Bragg scattering in Bose-Einstein condensates

Khan Sadiq Nawaz, Liangchao Chen, Chengdong Mi +4 more

Physical Review ANov 30, 20203 citations

Regular and irregular spin-mixing dynamics in coupled spin-1 atomic and molecular Bose-Einstein condensates

Jing Cheng

Physical Review AAug 17, 20098 citations

Ultracold photoassociation spectroscopy: Long-range molecules and atomic scattering

K. M. Jones, Eite Tiesinga, Paul D. Lett +1 more

Reviews of Modern PhysicsMay 22, 2006873 citations

Photoassociative Spectroscopy of Collisions Between Ultracold Lithium Atoms

E. Abraham

Jan 1, 19960 citations

Study of Rb2 Long-Range States by High-Resolution Photoassociation Spectroscopy

Robert A. Cline, Joseph D. Miller, Daniel J. Heinzen

Physical Review LettersAug 1, 1994140 citations

arXiv:0806.3464 · Physical Review A

Photoassociation spectroscopy of a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate

Christopher D. Hamley, Eva Bookjans, G. Behinaein, Peyman Ahmadi, Michael Chapman

Published Feb 2, 2009• 52 citations

arXiv HTML PDF

Abstract

We report on the high resolution photoassociation spectroscopy of a

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate to the

{1}_{g}({P}_{3∕2})

v=152

excited molecular states. We demonstrate the use of spin dependent photoassociation to experimentally identify the molecular states and their corresponding initial scattering channel. These identifications are in excellent agreement with the eigenvalues of a hyperfine-rotational Hamiltonian. Using the observed spectra we estimate the change in scattering length and identify photoassociation laser light frequency ranges that maximize the change in the spin-dependent mean-field interaction energy.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.79.023401

Related papers

Photoassociation spectroscopy of weakly bound $^{87}Rb_{2}$ molecules near $5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}$ threshold by optical Bragg scattering in Bose-Einstein condensatesPhotoassociation spectroscopy of weakly bound $^{87}Rb_{2}$ molecules near $5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}$ threshold by optical Bragg scattering in Bose-Einstein condensates

Khan Sadiq Nawaz, Liangchao Chen, Chengdong Mi +4 more

We report the high resolution photoassociation (PA) spectroscopy of a $^{87}Rb$ Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to excited molecular states near the dissociation limit of $5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}$ by optical Bragg scattering. Since the detection of optical Bragg scattering in BEC has a high signal-noise ratio, we obtain the high resolution PA spectrum of excited molecular states in the range of $\pm1$ GHz near the dissociation limit of $5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}$ . We compare the results with the conventional method of trap loss and show that the results agree each other very well. Many interesting phenomena of excited molecular states are observed, such as light-induced frequency shift and the anomalous strong bound molecular lines at the atomic transition from $|F=1\rangle$ to $|F^{\prime}=2\rangle$ . The observed excited molecular states in the range of $\pm1$ GHz near the dissociation limit of $5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}$ are never reported before, which will help to further improve the long range bound state models near the dissociation limit.We report the high resolution photoassociation (PA) spectroscopy of a $^{87}Rb$ Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to excited molecular states near the dissociation limit of $5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}$ by optical Bragg scattering. Since the detection of optical Bragg scattering in BEC has a high signal-noise ratio, we obtain the high resolution PA spectrum of excited molecular states in the range of $\pm1$ GHz near the dissociation limit of $5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}$. We compare the results with the conventional method of trap loss and show that the results agree each other very well. Many interesting phenomena of excited molecular states are observed, such as light-induced frequency shift and the anomalous strong bound molecular lines at the atomic transition from $|F=1\rangle$ to $|F^{\prime}=2\rangle$. The observed excited molecular states in the range of $\pm1$ GHz near the dissociation limit of $5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}$ are never reported before, which will help to further improve the long range bound state models near the dissociation limit.

arXiv:2010.08964Oct 18, 20200 citations

Photoassociation spectroscopy of weakly bound Rb287 molecules near the 5P1/2+5S1/2 threshold by optical Bragg scattering in Bose-Einstein condensates

Khan Sadiq Nawaz, Liangchao Chen, Chengdong Mi +4 more

We report the high-resolution photoassociation (PA) spectroscopy of a $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to excited molecular states near the dissociation limit of $5{P}_{1/2}+5{S}_{1/2}$ by optical Bragg scattering. Since the detection of optical Bragg scattering in the BEC has a high signal-noise ratio, we obtain the high-resolution PA spectrum of excited molecular states in the range of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ GHz near the dissociation limit of $5{P}_{1/2}+5{S}_{1/2}$ . We compare the results with the conventional method of trap loss and show that the results agree with each other very well. Many interesting phenomena of excited molecular states are observed, such as light-induced frequency shift and anomalous strong bound molecular lines at the atomic transition from $|F=1\ensuremath{\rangle}$ to $|{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2\ensuremath{\rangle}$. The observed excited molecular states in the range of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ GHz near the dissociation limit of $5{P}_{1/2}+5{S}_{1/2}$ should help to further improve long-range bound-state models near the dissociation limit.We report the high-resolution photoassociation (PA) spectroscopy of a $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to excited molecular states near the dissociation limit of $5{P}_{1/2}+5{S}_{1/2}$ by optical Bragg scattering. Since the detection of optical Bragg scattering in the BEC has a high signal-noise ratio, we obtain the high-resolution PA spectrum of excited molecular states in the range of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ GHz near the dissociation limit of $5{P}_{1/2}+5{S}_{1/2}$. We compare the results with the conventional method of trap loss and show that the results agree with each other very well. Many interesting phenomena of excited molecular states are observed, such as light-induced frequency shift and anomalous strong bound molecular lines at the atomic transition from $|F=1\ensuremath{\rangle}$ to $|{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2\ensuremath{\rangle}$. The observed excited molecular states in the range of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ GHz near the dissociation limit of $5{P}_{1/2}+5{S}_{1/2}$ should help to further improve long-range bound-state models near the dissociation limit.

Physical Review ANov 30, 20203 citations

Regular and irregular spin-mixing dynamics in coupled spin-1 atomic and molecular Bose-Einstein condensates

Jing Cheng

Regular and irregular spin-mixing dynamics are studied in a spin-1 atomic Bose-Einstein condensate coupled with a molecular condensate. Based on the experimental photoassociation spectroscopy of $^{87}\text{R}\text{b}$ spin-1 atoms, a two-channel model is proposed, in which two zero-spin atoms can be associated with a molecular state via a laser field, and a pair of $+1$ - and $\ensuremath{-}1$-spin atoms can also be associated with the same molecular state via the same laser field. We find that the spin-mixing dynamics can be manipulated by the laser field and a magnetic field. Both regular and irregular oscillations can be observed under different parameters. Using the Fourier transform analysis, the spin-mixing dynamics may be changed from the regular oscillation with localized spectral distributions to irregular oscillation with a broad spectral distribution.Regular and irregular spin-mixing dynamics are studied in a spin-1 atomic Bose-Einstein condensate coupled with a molecular condensate. Based on the experimental photoassociation spectroscopy of $^{87}\text{R}\text{b}$ spin-1 atoms, a two-channel model is proposed, in which two zero-spin atoms can be associated with a molecular state via a laser field, and a pair of $+1$- and $\ensuremath{-}1$-spin atoms can also be associated with the same molecular state via the same laser field. We find that the spin-mixing dynamics can be manipulated by the laser field and a magnetic field. Both regular and irregular oscillations can be observed under different parameters. Using the Fourier transform analysis, the spin-mixing dynamics may be changed from the regular oscillation with localized spectral distributions to irregular oscillation with a broad spectral distribution.

Physical Review AAug 17, 20098 citations

Ultracold photoassociation spectroscopy: Long-range molecules and atomic scattering

K. M. Jones, Eite Tiesinga, Paul D. Lett +1 more

Photoassociation is the process in which two colliding atoms absorb a photon to form an excited molecule. The development of laser-cooling techniques for producing gases at ultracold $(<1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK})$ temperatures allows photoassociation spectroscopy to be performed with very high spectral resolution. Of particular interest is the investigation of molecular states whose properties can be related, with high precision, to the properties of their constituent atoms with the ``complications'' of chemical binding accounted for by a few parameters. These include bound long-range or purely long-range vibrational states in which two atoms spend most or all of their time at large internuclear separations. Low-energy atomic scattering states also share this characteristic. Photoassociation techniques have made important contributions to the study of all of these. This review describes what is special about photoassociation spectroscopy at ultracold temperatures, how it is performed, and a sampling of results including the determination of scattering lengths, their control via optical Feshbach resonances, precision determinations of atomic lifetimes from molecular spectra, limits on photoassociation rates in a Bose-Einstein condensate, and briefly, production of cold molecules. Discussions are illustrated with examples on alkali-metal atoms as well as other species. Progress in the field is already past the point where this review can be exhaustive, but an introduction is provided on the capabilities of photoassociation spectroscopy and the techniques presently in use.Photoassociation is the process in which two colliding atoms absorb a photon to form an excited molecule. The development of laser-cooling techniques for producing gases at ultracold $(<1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK})$ temperatures allows photoassociation spectroscopy to be performed with very high spectral resolution. Of particular interest is the investigation of molecular states whose properties can be related, with high precision, to the properties of their constituent atoms with the ``complications'' of chemical binding accounted for by a few parameters. These include bound long-range or purely long-range vibrational states in which two atoms spend most or all of their time at large internuclear separations. Low-energy atomic scattering states also share this characteristic. Photoassociation techniques have made important contributions to the study of all of these. This review describes what is special about photoassociation spectroscopy at ultracold temperatures, how it is performed, and a sampling of results including the determination of scattering lengths, their control via optical Feshbach resonances, precision determinations of atomic lifetimes from molecular spectra, limits on photoassociation rates in a Bose-Einstein condensate, and briefly, production of cold molecules. Discussions are illustrated with examples on alkali-metal atoms as well as other species. Progress in the field is already past the point where this review can be exhaustive, but an introduction is provided on the capabilities of photoassociation spectroscopy and the techniques presently in use.

Reviews of Modern PhysicsMay 22, 2006873 citations

Photoassociative Spectroscopy of Collisions Between Ultracold Lithium Atoms

E. Abraham

The spectra of the high-lying vibrational levels of the $A\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}$ and $1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}$ singly excited states of both $\\sp6\\rm Li\\sb2$ and $\\sp7\\rm Li\\sb2$ are obtained via photoassociation of colliding ultracold atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. The least bound state of the $a\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}$ ground state potential, obtained by two-photon photoassociative spectroscopy, is also presented for both $\\sp7\\rm Li\\sb2$ and $\\sp6\\rm Li\\sb2$ . The vibrational levels have resolved hyperfine structure, whose relative energy splittings and transition strengths are accurately modeled. The photoassociative spectra are used to precisely determine both the singlet and triplet s-wave scattering lengths for both isotopes, which are important parameters in systems designed to observe quantum degenerate effects and Bose-Einstein condensation.The spectra of the high-lying vibrational levels of the $A\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}$ and $1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}$ singly excited states of both $\\sp6\\rm Li\\sb2$ and $\\sp7\\rm Li\\sb2$ are obtained via photoassociation of colliding ultracold atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. The least bound state of the $a\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}$ ground state potential, obtained by two-photon photoassociative spectroscopy, is also presented for both $\\sp7\\rm Li\\sb2$ and $\\sp6\\rm Li\\sb2$. The vibrational levels have resolved hyperfine structure, whose relative energy splittings and transition strengths are accurately modeled. The photoassociative spectra are used to precisely determine both the singlet and triplet s-wave scattering lengths for both isotopes, which are important parameters in systems designed to observe quantum degenerate effects and Bose-Einstein condensation.

Jan 1, 19960 citations

Study of Rb2 Long-Range States by High-Resolution Photoassociation Spectroscopy

Robert A. Cline, Joseph D. Miller, Daniel J. Heinzen

We study the states of ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{2}$ that lie within 35 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of the ${5}^{2}{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}+{5}^{2}{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ dissociation limit with photoassociation spectroscopy of laser-cooled Rb atoms. We observe the rotationally resolved bound levels of the novel ${0}_{g}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ "pure long-range" state, which has an inner turning point beyond 25 bohrs. We also identify levels belonging to ${1}_{g}$ and ${0}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$ states and find that the ${0}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$ levels are broadened by predissociation. With our new method, excited molecular states with a binding energy from less than 0.3 to more than 1000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ can be studied with a resolution better than 0.002 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.We study the states of ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{2}$ that lie within 35 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of the ${5}^{2}{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}+{5}^{2}{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ dissociation limit with photoassociation spectroscopy of laser-cooled Rb atoms. We observe the rotationally resolved bound levels of the novel ${0}_{g}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ "pure long-range" state, which has an inner turning point beyond 25 bohrs. We also identify levels belonging to ${1}_{g}$ and ${0}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$ states and find that the ${0}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$ levels are broadened by predissociation. With our new method, excited molecular states with a binding energy from less than 0.3 to more than 1000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ can be studied with a resolution better than 0.002 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.

Physical Review LettersAug 1, 1994140 citations

We report on the high resolution photoassociation spectroscopy of a

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate to the

{1}_{g}({P}_{3∕2})

v=152

Photoassociation spectroscopy of weakly bound

^{87}Rb_{2}

molecules near

5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}

threshold by optical Bragg scattering in Bose-Einstein condensates

We report the high resolution photoassociation (PA) spectroscopy of a

^{87}Rb

Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to excited molecular states near the dissociation limit of

5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}

by optical Bragg scattering. Since the detection of optical Bragg scattering in BEC has a high signal-noise ratio, we obtain the high resolution PA spectrum of excited molecular states in the range of

\pm1

GHz near the dissociation limit of

5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}

. We compare the results with the conventional method of trap loss and show that the results agree each other very well. Many interesting phenomena of excited molecular states are observed, such as light-induced frequency shift and the anomalous strong bound molecular lines at the atomic transition from

|F=1\rangle

|F^{\prime}=2\rangle

. The observed excited molecular states in the range of

\pm1

GHz near the dissociation limit of

5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}

are never reported before, which will help to further improve the long range bound state models near the dissociation limit.

We report the high-resolution photoassociation (PA) spectroscopy of a

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to excited molecular states near the dissociation limit of

5{P}_{1/2}+5{S}_{1/2}

by optical Bragg scattering. Since the detection of optical Bragg scattering in the BEC has a high signal-noise ratio, we obtain the high-resolution PA spectrum of excited molecular states in the range of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ GHz near the dissociation limit of

5{P}_{1/2}+5{S}_{1/2}

. We compare the results with the conventional method of trap loss and show that the results agree with each other very well. Many interesting phenomena of excited molecular states are observed, such as light-induced frequency shift and anomalous strong bound molecular lines at the atomic transition from $|F=1\ensuremath{\rangle}$ to $|{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2\ensuremath{\rangle}$. The observed excited molecular states in the range of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ GHz near the dissociation limit of

5{P}_{1/2}+5{S}_{1/2}

should help to further improve long-range bound-state models near the dissociation limit.

Regular and irregular spin-mixing dynamics are studied in a spin-1 atomic Bose-Einstein condensate coupled with a molecular condensate. Based on the experimental photoassociation spectroscopy of

^{87}\text{R}\text{b}

spin-1 atoms, a two-channel model is proposed, in which two zero-spin atoms can be associated with a molecular state via a laser field, and a pair of

+1

- and $\ensuremath{-}1$-spin atoms can also be associated with the same molecular state via the same laser field. We find that the spin-mixing dynamics can be manipulated by the laser field and a magnetic field. Both regular and irregular oscillations can be observed under different parameters. Using the Fourier transform analysis, the spin-mixing dynamics may be changed from the regular oscillation with localized spectral distributions to irregular oscillation with a broad spectral distribution.

Photoassociation is the process in which two colliding atoms absorb a photon to form an excited molecule. The development of laser-cooling techniques for producing gases at ultracold

(<1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK})

temperatures allows photoassociation spectroscopy to be performed with very high spectral resolution. Of particular interest is the investigation of molecular states whose properties can be related, with high precision, to the properties of their constituent atoms with the ``complications'' of chemical binding accounted for by a few parameters. These include bound long-range or purely long-range vibrational states in which two atoms spend most or all of their time at large internuclear separations. Low-energy atomic scattering states also share this characteristic. Photoassociation techniques have made important contributions to the study of all of these. This review describes what is special about photoassociation spectroscopy at ultracold temperatures, how it is performed, and a sampling of results including the determination of scattering lengths, their control via optical Feshbach resonances, precision determinations of atomic lifetimes from molecular spectra, limits on photoassociation rates in a Bose-Einstein condensate, and briefly, production of cold molecules. Discussions are illustrated with examples on alkali-metal atoms as well as other species. Progress in the field is already past the point where this review can be exhaustive, but an introduction is provided on the capabilities of photoassociation spectroscopy and the techniques presently in use.

The spectra of the high-lying vibrational levels of the

A\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}

and

1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}

singly excited states of both

\\sp6\\rm Li\\sb2

and

\\sp7\\rm Li\\sb2

are obtained via photoassociation of colliding ultracold atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. The least bound state of the

a\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}

ground state potential, obtained by two-photon photoassociative spectroscopy, is also presented for both

\\sp7\\rm Li\\sb2

and

\\sp6\\rm Li\\sb2

. The vibrational levels have resolved hyperfine structure, whose relative energy splittings and transition strengths are accurately modeled. The photoassociative spectra are used to precisely determine both the singlet and triplet s-wave scattering lengths for both isotopes, which are important parameters in systems designed to observe quantum degenerate effects and Bose-Einstein condensation.

We study the states of

{\mathrm{Rb}}_{2}

that lie within 35 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of the

{5}^{2}{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}+{5}^{2}{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}

dissociation limit with photoassociation spectroscopy of laser-cooled Rb atoms. We observe the rotationally resolved bound levels of the novel ${0}_{g}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ "pure long-range" state, which has an inner turning point beyond 25 bohrs. We also identify levels belonging to

{1}_{g}

and ${0}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$ states and find that the ${0}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$ levels are broadened by predissociation. With our new method, excited molecular states with a binding energy from less than 0.3 to more than 1000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ can be studied with a resolution better than 0.002 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.