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arXiv:0803.1010 · Physical Review A

Generating correlated (2+1) -photon pairs in an active-Raman-gain medium

Chun-Hua Yuan, Cui-Ping Lu, Weiping Zhang, L. Deng

Published Mar 5, 2009• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A scheme of generating controllable $(2+1)$ photons in a double-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ atomic system based on active Raman gain is presented in this paper. Such $(2+1)$ photons can be a potential candidate to generate a correlated photon pair as one photon of ``2'' photons acts as a trigger. Our proposal is an alternative approach to generate photon pairs where the frequencies are tunable for subsequent atomic system experiments compared to spontaneous parametric down-conversion case. Compared to other schemes of generating correlated photon pairs, our scheme exhibits several features due to the exploit of the stimulated Raman process and injection-seeding mechanism.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.79.033804

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A scheme of generating controllable (2+1)(2+1)(2+1) photons in a double-\ensuremathΛ\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremathΛ atomic system based on active Raman gain is presented in this paper. Such (2+1)(2+1)(2+1) photons can be a potential candidate to generate a correlated photon pair as one photon of ``2'' photons acts as a trigger. Our proposal is an alternative approach to generate photon pairs where the frequencies are tunable for subsequent atomic system experiments compared to spontaneous parametric down-conversion case. Compared to other schemes of generating correlated photon pairs, our scheme exhibits several features due to the exploit of the stimulated Raman process and injection-seeding mechanism.
A scheme for the generation of nonclassical pairs of photons in atomic vapors is proposed. The scheme exploits the fact that the cross correlation of the emission of photons from the extreme transitions of a four-level cascade system shows antibunching, unlike the case of the three-level cascade emission, which shows bunching. The Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, which is the ratio of the cross-correlation to the autocorrelation function, in this case is estimated to be 103−−106{10}^{3}--{10}^{6}103−−106 for controllable time delay, and is one to four orders of magnitude larger compared to previous experiments. The choice of Doppler-free geometry, in addition to the fact that at three-photon resonance the excitation and deexcitation processes occur in a very narrow frequency band, ensures cleaner signals.
Tunable Rydberg interactions in cold atoms can be used to generate strongly correlated photon pairs through a spontaneous four-wave-mixing process in which all driving fields are allowed to work on resonance. The scheme relies on electromagnetically induced transparency and an imbalanced dark state with most atoms trapped in a ground state and a weakly populated Rydberg state. We show in particular that the combination of these two effects results in negligible linear absorption and Raman gain at the Stokes and anti-Stokes frequencies of generated photon pairs, while the nonlocal (Rydberg) nonlinearities contribute significantly to the enhancement of photon-pair generation rates and cross correlations at very low pump strengths and optical depths.
The problem of generating a narrow-band biphoton field during spontaneous parametric down conversion of light in a quadratic nonlinear medium in a cavity is discussed. It is shown that, in the case of double resonance (for signal and idle fields), the form of the single-photon wave packet is biexponential and has a half-width determined by the photon life time in the cavity. An experiment is carried out on the generation of narrow-band biphotons in a crystal of lithium iodine with I-type matching in a frequency degenerate collinear regime. The second-order correlation function of the cavity-enhanced biphotons is measured using the electric nanosecond time delay line.
Abstract We demonstrate an ultrabright, narrow-band and frequency-tunable photon-pair source based on cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) which is compatible with atomic transition of rubidium D 2 -line (780 nm) or cesium D 2 -line (852 nm). With the pump beam alternating between a high and a low power phase, the output is switching between the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) and photon-pair generation mode. We utilize the OPO output light to lock the cavity length to maintain the double resonances of signal and idler, as well as to lock the signal frequency to cesium atomic transition. With a type-II phase matching and a double-passed pump scheme such that the cluster frequency spacing is larger than the SPDC bandwidth, the photon-pair output is in a nearly single-mode operation as confirmed by a scanning Fabry–Perot interferometer with its output detected by a photomultiplier. The achieved generation and detection rates are 7.24 × 10 5 and 6142 s −1 mW −1 , respectively. The correlation time of the photon pair is 21.6(2.2) ns, corresponding to a bandwidth of 2 π × 6.6(6) MHz. The spectral brightness is 1.06 × 10 5 s −1 mW −1 MHz −1 . This is a relatively high value under a single-mode operation with the cavity-SPDC scheme. The generated single photons can be readily used in experiments related to atomic quantum memories.
We propose two different setups to generate single photons on demand using an atom in front of a mirror, along with either a beam splitter or a tunable coupling. We show that photon-generation efficiency of $\ensuremath{\sim}99%$ is straightforward to achieve. The proposed schemes are simple and easily tunable in frequency. The operation is relatively insensitive to dephasing and can be easily extended to generate correlated pairs of photons. They can also, in principle, be used to generate any photonic qubit of the form $\ensuremath{\mu}\left|0\right\ensuremath{\rangle}+\ensuremath{\nu}\left|1\right\ensuremath{\rangle}$ in arbitrary wave packets, making them very attractive for quantum communication applications.
Third-order parametric downconversion (TOPDC) describes a class of nonlinear interactions in which a pump photon is converted into a photon triplet. This process can occur spontaneously or it can be stimulated by seeding fields. Here we show that stimulated TOPDC (StTOPDC) can be exploited for the generation of quantum correlated photon pairs. We model StTOPDC in a microring resonator, predicting observable pair generation rates in a microring engineered for third-harmonic generation, and we examine the peculiar features of this approach when compared with second-order spontaneous parametric downconversion and spontaneous four-wave mixing. We conclude that if the experimental difficulties associated with implementing StTOPDC can be overcome, it may soon be possible to demonstrate this process in resonant integrated devices.