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arXiv:0802.2149 · Physical Review A

Goos-Hänchen-like shifts in atom optics

Jianhua Z. Huang, Zhenglu Duan, Hong Yuan Ling, Weiping Zhang

Published Jun 11, 2008• 62 citations
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Abstract

We consider the propagation of a matter wave packet of two-level atoms through a square potential created by a super-Gaussian laser beam. We explore the matter wave analog of Goos-H\"anchen shift within the framework of atom optics where the roles of atom and light are exchanged with respect to conventional optics. Using a vector theory, where atoms are treated as particles possessing two internal spin components, we show that not only large negative but also large positive Goos-H\"anchen shifts can occur in the reflected atomic beam.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.063608

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We consider the propagation of a matter wave packet of two-level atoms through a square potential created by a super-Gaussian laser beam. We explore the matter wave analog of Goos-H"anchen shift within the framework of atom optics where the roles of atom and light are exchanged with respect to conventional optics. Using a vector theory, where atoms are treated as particles possessing two internal spin components, we show that not only large negative but also large positive Goos-H"anchen shifts can occur in the reflected atomic beam.
We consider a matter wave packet of cold atom gas impinging upon a step potential created by an optical light field. In the presence of spin-orbit coupling, the atomic eigenstates contain two types of evanescent states, one of which is an ordinary evanescent state with a pure imaginary wave vector while the other possesses a complex wave vector and is recognized as an oscillating evanescent state. We show that the presence and interplay of these two types of evanescent states can give rise to two different mechanisms for total internal reflection, and thus lead to an unusual Goos-H\"anchen (GH) effect. As a result, not only large positive but also large negative GH shifts can be observed in the reflected atomic beam. The dependence of the GH shift on the incident angle, energy, and height of the step potential is studied numerically.
When a three-level atomic wavepacket is obliquely incident on a "medium slab" consisting of two far-detuned laser beams, there exists lateral shift between reflection and incident points at the surface of a "medium slab", analogous to optical Goos-Hänchen effect. We evaluate lateral shifts for reflected and transmitted waves via expansion of reflection and transmission coefficients, in contrast to the stationary phase method. Results show that lateral shifts can be either positive or negative dependent on the incident angle and the atomic internal state. Interestingly, a giant lateral shift of transmitted wave with high transmission probability is observed, which is helpful to observe such lateral shifts experimentally. Different from the two-level atomic wave case, we find that quantum interference between different atomic states plays crucial role on the transmission intensity and corresponding lateral shifts.
In conventional optics for light waves, the pioneering work by Goos-Hänchen in 1947 on the lateral shift (or displacement) of a light beam along the surface of a dielectric boundary under the condition of total reflection has stimulated a large number of studies. The key physics behind the Goos-Hänchen shift is the nature of wave interference. From the perspective of wave optics, the incident beam of a finite transverse width can be viewed as composed of plane wave components, each of which has a slightly different transverse wavevector. Each wave component, after the total internal reflection, undergoes a different phase shift, and the superposition of all the reflected wave components gives rise to the lateral shift of the intensity peak in the reflected beam.
We investigate the Goos-Hanchen-like lateral shift of a three-level atomic wavepacket obliquely impinging on the ”medium slab” made up of two super-Gaussian far-detuned laser beams. The lateral shifts are obtained by expansion of transmission and reflection coefficients, instead of stationary phase method. Numerical results show that the lateral shifts can be either positive or negative dependent on the incident angle and the atomic state. Importantly, we have observed a large lateral shift with a high transmission probability. Different from two-level atomic wavepacket case, quantum interference plays important roles in the transmission intensity and the corresponding lateral shifts of transmitted waves.
The behavior of the Goos-Hanchen (GH) shifts in the reflected and transmitted light beam which is incident on a cavity containing an intracavity medium of three-level or four-level atoms with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is discussed. We report a coherent control of the GH shift in a fixed configuration or device via superluminal and subluminal wave propagation. For superluminal wave propagation, we observe negative GH shifts in the reflected part of the incident light whereas the shifts are positive in the transmitted light beam. This corresponds to the negative group index of the cavity in the former case and positive group index of the cavity in the latter. For subluminal wave propagation, the behavior of the GH shifts in the reflected light changes and positive shifts appear
The behavior of the Goos-H\"anchen (GH) shifts in the reflected and transmitted light beam which is incident on a cavity containing an intracavity medium of three-level or four-level atoms with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is discussed. We report a coherent control of the GH shift in a fixed configuration or device via superluminal and subluminal wave propagation. For superluminal wave propagation, we observe negative GH shifts in the reflected part of the incident light whereas the shifts are positive in the transmitted light beam. This corresponds to the negative group index of the cavity in the former case and positive group index of the cavity in the latter. For subluminal wave propagation, the behavior of the GH shifts in the reflected light changes and positive shifts appear; however, the GH shifts in the transmitted light remains positive. The corresponding group index of the cavity is positive in both cases.