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arXiv:0801.2801

An application of the Deutsch-Josza algorithm to formal languages and the word problem in groups

Batty, Michael, Andrea Casaccino, Andrew J. Duncan, Sarah Rees, Simone Severini B

Published Jan 18, 2008• 0 citations
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Abstract

We adapt the Deutsch-Josza algorithm to the context of formal language theory. Specifically, we use the algorithm to distinguish between trivial and nontrivial words in groups given by finite presentations, under the promise that a word is of a certain type. This is done by extending the original algorithm to functions of arbitrary length binary output, with the introduction of a more general concept of parity. We provide examples in which properties of the algorithm allow to reduce the number of oracle queries with respect to the deterministic classical case. This has some consequences for the word problem in groups with a particular kind of presentation.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0801.2801

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We adapt the Deutsch-Josza algorithm to the context of formal language theory. Specifically, we use the algorithm to distinguish between trivial and nontrivial words in groups given by finite presentations, under the promise that a word is of a certain type. This is done by extending the original algorithm to functions of arbitrary length binary output, with the introduction of a more general concept of parity. We provide examples in which properties of the algorithm allow to reduce the number of oracle queries with respect to the deterministic classical case. This has some consequences for the word problem in groups with a particular kind of presentation.
The present work points out that the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm was the first formal description of a quantum decider. In particular, it is studied here the class of languages whose indicator functions allow the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm to output a monochromatic result, beyond the trivial case z = 0 for constant indicator functions. To illustrate examples of randomly balanced languages and some monochromatic cases, it was performed classical computational simulations of the Deutsch-Jozsa quantum algorithm for the specific cases of 4 and 6 qubits, respectively. The general case of the Deutsch-Jozsa decided languages are named balanced languages, and their outcomes from the simulation suggest that such languages are equivalent to the quantum superposition of the monochromatic cases.
Recent advances in quantum computational science promise substantial improvements in the speed with which certain classes of problems can be computed. Various algorithms that utilize the distinctively non-classical characteristics of quantum mechanics have been formulated to take advantage of this promising new approach to computation. One such algorithm was formulated by David Deutsch and Richard Jozsa. By measuring the output of a quantum network that implements this algorithm, it is possible to determine with N – 1 measurements certain global properties of a function f(x), where N is the number of network inputs. Classically, it may not be possible to determine these same properties without evaluating f(x) a number of times that rises exponentially as N increases. Hitherto, the potential power of this algorithm has been explored in the context of qubits, the quantum computational analogue of classical bits. However, just as one can conceive of classical computation in the context of non-binary logic, such as ternary or quaternary logic, so also can one conceive of corresponding higher-order quantum computational equivalents.This thesis investigates the behaviour of the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm in the context of these higher-order quantum computational forms of logic and explores potential applications for this algorithm. An important conclusion reached is that, not only can the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm’s known computational advantages be formulated in more general terms, but also a new algorithmic property is revealed with potential practical applications.
Hoyer has given a generalisation of the Deutsch--Jozsa algorithm which uses the Fourier transform on a group G which is (in general) non-Abelian. His algorithm distinguishes between functions which are either perfectly balanced (m-to-one) or constant, with certainty, and using a single quantum query. Here, we show that this algorithm (which we call the Deutsch--Jozsa--Hoyer algorithm) can in fact deal with a broader range of promises, which we define in terms of the irreducible representations of G.
Abstract Høyer has given a generalisation of the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm which uses the Fourier transform on a group G which is (in general) non-Abelian. His algorithm distinguishes between functions which are either perfectly balanced (m-to-one) or constant, with certainty, and using a single quantum query. Here, we show that this algorithm (which we call the Deutsch–Jozsa–Høyer algorithm) can in fact deal with a broader range of promises, which we define in terms of the irreducible representations of G.
Deutsch's algorithm and Grover's quantum search are theoretically interesting, but it is not obvious that these two algorithms are actually useful for anything important. We next consider a selection of more advanced algorithms, several of which may have real-life applications. Some of these will be too complicated to explain fully, and their properties will only be sketched briefly. The Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm Deutsch's algorithm is simple, but important, as it shows that a quantum algorithm can find a property of an unknown function (its parity) with a smaller number of queries than any possible classical algorithm (one rather than two). For this reason we can say that quantum computing is more efficient than classical computing within the oracle model of function evaluation. (It is widely believed that quantum computing is more efficient than classical computing in general, but this is a surprisingly hard thing to prove.) The simplicity of the algorithm is also an advantage, as it can be implemented on very primitive quantum computers. Beyond this, however, Deutsch's algorithm is also important as the simplest member of a large family of quantum algorithms, including most notably Shor's quantum factoring algorithm. The second simplest algorithm in the family is the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm, which solves a very closely related problem. Consider an unknown binary function with n input bits, giving N = 2 n possible inputs, and a single output bit.