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arXiv:0801.1940

Relation between quantum tomography and optical Fresnel transform

Hong-Yi Fan, Liyun Hu

Published Jan 13, 2008• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Corresponding to optical Fresnel transformation characteristic of ray transfer matrix elements (A;B;C;D); AD-BC = 1, there exists Fresnel operator F(A;B;C;D) in quantum optics, we show that under the Fresnel transformation the pure position density |x>_rs,rs__rs,rs_ is just the wave function of its Fresnel transformed state F|phi>, i.e. rs_= . Similarly, we find F|p>_rs,rs_

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0801.1940

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Corresponding to the Fresnel transform there exists a unitary operator in quantum optics theory, which could be known the Fresnel operator (FO). We show that the multiplication rule of the FO naturally leads to the quantum optical ABCD law. The canonical operator methods as mapping of ray-transfer ABCD matrix is explicitly shown by the normally ordered expansion of the FO through the coherent state representation and the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators. We show that time evolution of the damping oscillator embodies the quantum optical ABCD law.
By virtue of the new technique of performing integration over Dirac’s ket-bra operators, we explore quantum optical version of classical optical transformations such as optical Fresnel transform, Hankel transform, fractional Fourier transform, Wigner transform, wavelet transform and Fresnel-Hadmard combinatorial transform etc. In this way one may gain benefit for developing classical optics theory from the research in quantum optics, or vice-versa. We cannot only find some new quantum mechanical unitary operators which correspond to the known optical transformations, deriving a new theorem for calculating quantum tomogram of density operators, but also can reveal some new classical optical transformations. For examples, we find the generalized Fresnel operator (GFO) to correspond to the generalized Fresnel transform (GFT) in classical optics. We derive GFO’s normal product form and its canonical coherent state representation and find that GFO is the loyal representation of symplectic group multiplication rule. We show that GFT is just the transformation matrix element of GFO in the coordinate representation such that two successive GFTs is still a GFT. The ABCD rule of the Gaussian beam propagation is directly demonstrated in the context of quantum optics. Especially, the introduction of quantum mechanical entangled state representations opens up a new area in finding new classical optical transformations. The complex wavelet transform and the condition of mother wavelet are studied in the context of quantum optics too. Throughout our discussions, the coherent state, the entangled state representation of the two-mode squeezing operators and the technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators are fully used. All these have confirmed Dirac’s assertion: “...for a quantum dynamic system that has a classical analogue, unitary transformation in the quantum theory is the analogue of contact transformation in the classical theory”.
According to Fan—Hu's formalism (Fan Hong-Yi and Hu Li-Yun 2009 Opt. Commun . 282 3734 ) that the tomogram of quantum states can be considered as the module-square of the state wave function in the intermediate coordinate—momentum representation which is just the eigenvector of the Fresnel quadrature phase, we derive a new theorem for calculating quantum tomogram of density operator, i.e., the tomogram of a density operator ρ is equal to the marginal integration of the classical Weyl correspondence function of F † ρ F , where F is the Fresnel operator. Applications of this theorem to evaluating the tomogram of optical chaotic field and squeezed chaotic optical field are presented.