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arXiv:0801.0577 · Physical Review A

Magnetically controlled velocity selection in a cold-atom sample using stimulated Raman transitions

Matthew L. Terraciano, Spencer E. Olson, Mark Bashkansky, Zachary Dutton, Fredrik K. Fatemi

Published Nov 29, 2007• 5 citations
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Abstract

We observe velocity-selective two-photon resonances in a cold atom cloud in the presence of a magnetic field. We use these resonances to demonstrate a simple magnetometer with sub-mG resolution. The technique is particularly useful for zeroing the magnetic field and does not require any additional laser frequencies than are already used for standard magneto-optical traps. We verify the effects using Faraday rotation spectroscopy.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.76.053421

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We observe velocity-selective two-photon resonances in a cold atom cloud in the presence of a magnetic field. We use these resonances to demonstrate a simple magnetometer with sub-mG resolution. The technique is particularly useful for zeroing the magnetic field and does not require any additional laser frequencies than are already used for standard magneto-optical traps. We verify the effects using Faraday rotation spectroscopy.
We demonstrate a technique for imaging magnetic fields using velocity-selective two-photon resonances in a cold atom cloud. Freely expanding (85)Rb atoms released from a magneto-optical trap are exposed to a brief (approximately 1 ms), off-resonant, retro-reflected laser pulse in a lin-perp-lin configuration. Two-photon resonance between magnetic sublevels occurs only for atoms in narrow velocity classes dependent on the magnetic field strength. The momentum of resonant atoms is altered by the pulse, and this two-photon momentum change is easily visible after further ballistic expansion. When the momentum pulse is applied to an atom cloud with finite size, magnetic field variations across the sample result in position-dependent features in images of the expanded cloud. We demonstrate the technique by imaging magnetic field variations over approximately 5 mm with approximately 250 microm spatial resolution.
We have studied velocity-selective resonances in the presence of a uniform magnetic field and shown how they can be used for rapid, single-shot assessment of the ground state magnetic sublevel spectrum in a cold atomic vapor. Cold atoms are released from a magneto-optical trap in the presence of a small bias magnetic field ( approximately 300 mG) and exposed to a laser field comprised of two phase-locked counterpropagating beams connecting the two ground state hyperfine manifolds. An image of the expanded cloud shows the velocity-selected resonances as distinct features, each corresponding to specific magnetic sublevel, in a direct, intuitive manner. We demonstrate the technique with both 87Rb and 85Rb, and show the utility of the technique by optically pumping into particular magnetic sublevels. The results are shown to agree with a theoretical model, and are compared to traditional Raman spectroscopy.
We demonstrate techniques for imaging both magnetic fields and magnetic sublevel distributions using velocity-selective Raman transitions in cold 87Rb and 85Rb ensembles. When an expanding atom cloud is exposed to counterpropagating laser beams, resonant atom trajectories undergoing Raman transitions are perturbed and result in distinctive features in images of the expanded cloud. If the counterpropagating laser fields couple magnetic sublevels in different hyperfine manifolds, the images provide a spectrograph of sublevel occupation. The techniques are simple to implement and provide a useful, rapid diagnostic tool for cold atom experiments.
Absorption spectra of cold cesium atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap are observed around the D2 transition line (6S(1/2), F=4-->6P(3/2), F'=5) with the probe laser frequency detuned near the trapping laser frequency. We observe the dispersion-like profile resulted from the stimulated Raman processes with the sub-natural linewidth, and study the behavior of the group velocity of light in trapped cold atoms. By only changing the blue and red detuning of the probe frequency from the trapping laser frequency, we are able to arbitrarily control the speed of a light pulse from subluminal to superluminal velocity.
We report on the observation of nonlinear Faraday rotation with cold atoms at a temperature of  100~100 100 $\ensuremath{\mu}$K. The observed nonlinear rotation of the light polarization plane is up to 0.10.10.1 rad over the 111-mm-size atomic cloud in approximately 101010-mG magnetic field. The nonlinearity of rotation results from long-lived coherence of ground-state Zeeman sublevels created by a near-resonant light. The method allows for creation, detection, and control of atomic superposition states. It also allows applications for precision magnetometry with high spatial and temporal resolution.