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arXiv:0801.0259 · International Journal of Quantum Information

STABLE AND DETERMINISTIC QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION BASED ON DIFFERENTIAL PHASE SHIFT

Bao‐Kui Zhao, Yu‐Bo Sheng, Fu‐Guo Deng, Zhang Feng-Shou, Hong-Yu Zhou

Published May 29, 2009• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present a stable and deterministic quantum key distribution (QKD) system based on differential phase shift. With three cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers with different arm-length differences for creating key, its key creation efficiency can be improved to be 7/8, more than other systems. Any birefringence effects and polarization-dependent losses in the long-distance fiber are automatically compensated with a Faraday mirror. Added an eavesdropping check, this system is more secure than some other phase-coding-based QKD systems. Moreover, the classical information exchanged is reduced largely and the modulation of phase shifts is simplified. All these features make this QKD system more convenient than others in a practical application.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749909005493

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We present a stable and deterministic quantum key distribution (QKD) system based on differential phase shift. With three cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers with different arm-length differences for creating key, its key creation efficiency can be improved to be 7/8, more than other systems. Any birefringence effects and polarization-dependent losses in the long-distance fiber are automatically compensated with a Faraday mirror. Added an eavesdropping check, this system is more secure than some other phase-coding-based QKD systems. Moreover, the classical information exchanged is reduced largely and the modulation of phase shifts is simplified. All these features make this QKD system more convenient than others in a practical application.
In this letter, we demonstrate that a high key creation efficiency can be achieved in a stable differential phase shift quantum key distribution system by using three cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometers. A pulse is split into four independent pulses, and the bit information is carried by one of the three phase differences between the sequential pulses. Any birefringence effects and polarization-dependent losses in the long-distance fiber are automatically compensated with a Faraday mirror. Due to the neatly use of three cascaded interferometers, the key creation efficiency reaches 3/4.
Efficient quantum key distribution can be achieved by using a stable differential phase shift scheme, with an expansible setup mainly composed of several parallel Mach–Zehnder interferometers, a serial Mach–Zehnder interferometer, and a Faraday mirror. An expansion of the scheme by adding more parallel Mach–Zehnder interferometers can conveniently increase the key creation efficiencies, and the energies of the interfering pulses can be equalized easily without changing the phase shifts in the serial interferometer. The long-term stabilities are guaranteed by using a multifeedback servo-system and Faraday mirror. And the sensibilities of the scheme to the disturbance of eavesdropping are improved by increasing the key creation efficiencies. The security of the scheme against some possible attacks, such as intercept/resend attack and Trojan horse attack, are discussed.
We propose an auto-compensating differential phase shift scheme for quantum key distribution with a high key-creation efficiency, which skillfully makes use of automatic alignment of the photon polarization states in optical fiber with modified Michelson interferometers composed of unequal arms with Faraday mirrors at the ends. The Faraday-mirrors-based Michelson interferometers not only function as pulse splitters, but also enable inherent compensation of polarization mode dispersion in the optic-fiber paths at both Alice's and Bob's sites. The sequential pulses encoded by differential phase shifts pass through the quantum channel with the same polarization states, resulting in a stable key distribution immune to the polarization mode dispersion in the quantum channel. Such a system features perfect stability and higher key creation efficiency over traditional schemes.
We propose and demonstrate an improved differential phase shift key distribution scheme. Alice uses a pulsed laser source and two cascaded fiber loops to get coherent pulses, then modulates them randomly under differential phase shift scheme, which compensates for the random polarization mode dispersion and phase shift. An interferometer made up of two Faraday mirrors is employed to detect single photon under gate mode. In one-way transmission, QKD is free from Trojan attack. Our experiment at setup can work stably for a long time (at least 24h) with an error ratio of 3%. The stable scheme is efficient, economical and favorable for practical application.
We propose an improved scheme of hybrid quantum key distribution based on the combination of differential phase shift and BB84 polarization encoding. By adjusting the polarization properly and routing all the probability amplitudes to interfere, a higher protocol efficiency of 3/2 is obtained. A better stability can be achieved with the birefringence effects and polarization-dependent losses at the transmitter compensated automatically by employing Faraday mirrors and quantum bit error rate can be smaller by reducing single photon detectors with fewer time slots introducing dark counts. Moreover, the condition for stable interference at the receiver is provided and the security performance is demonstrated, specifically.