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arXiv:0712.2846 · Physical Review C

Three-body scattering from nonperturbative flow equations

Sebastian Diehl, H. C. Krahl, Michael M. Scherer

Published Sep 5, 2008• 43 citations

Abstract

We consider fermion-dimer scattering in the presence of a large positive scattering length in the frame of functional renormalization group equations. A flow equation for the momentum dependent fermion-dimer scattering amplitude is derived from first principles in a systematic vertex expansion of the exact flow equation for the effective action. The resummation obtained from the nonperturbative flow is shown to be equivalent to the one performed by the integral equation by Skorniakov and Ter-Martirosian (STM). The flow equation approach allows to integrate out fermions and bosons simultaneously, in line with the fact that the bosons are not fundamental but build up gradually as fluctuation induced bound states of fermions. In particular, the STM result for atom-dimer scattering is obtained by choosing the relative cutoff scales of fermions and bosons such that the fermion fluctuations are integrated out already at the initial stage of the RG evolution.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.78.034001

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Functional renormalization group (FRG) is applied to the three-body scattering prob-lem in the two-component fermionic system with an attractive contact interaction. We establish an exact flow equation on the basis of FRG and show that our flow equation is consistent with integral equations obtained from the Dyson-Schwinger equation. In particular, the relation of our flow equation and the Skornyakov and Ter-Martirosyan equation for the atom-dimer scattering is made clear. Subject Index A12,B32,D05

We consider the problem of obtaining the scattering length for a fermion colliding with a dimer, formed from a fermion identical to the incident one and another different fermion. This is done in the universal regime where the range of interactions is short enough that the scattering length

a

for nonidentical fermions is the only relevant quantity. This is the generalization to fermions with different masses of the problem solved long ago by Skorniakov and Ter-Martirosian for particles with equal masses. We solve this problem analytically in the two limiting cases where the mass of the solitary fermion is very large or very small compared to the mass of the two other identical fermions. This is done for both the value of the scattering length and the function entering the Skorniakov--Ter-Martirosian integral equation, for which simple explicit expressions are obtained.

We consider the applications of functional renormalisation group to few and many-body systems. As an application to the few-body dynamics we study the ratio between the fermion-fermion scattering length and the dimer-dimer scattering length for systems of few nonrelativistic fermions. We ﬁnd a strong dependence on the cutoﬀ function used in the renormalisation ﬂow for a two-body truncation of the action. Adding a simple threebody term substantially reduces this dependence. In the context of many-body physics we study the dynamics of both symmetric and asymmetric many-fermion systems using the same functional renormalisation technique. It is demonstrated that functional renormalisation group gives sensible and reliable results and provides a solid theoretical ground for the future studies. Open questions as well as lines of further developments are discussed.

Abstract. We consider the applications of functional renormalisation group to few and many-body systems. As an application to the few-body dynamics we study the ratio between the fermion-fermion scattering length and the dimer-dimer scattering length for systems of few nonrelativistic fermions. We find a strong dependence on the cutoff function used in the renormalisation flow for a two-body truncation of the action. Adding a simple three-body term substantially reduces this dependence. In the context of many-body physics we study the dynamics of both symmetric and asymmetric many-fermion systems using the same functional renormalisation technique. It is demonstrated that functional renormalisation group gives sensible and reliable results and provides a solid theoretical ground for the future studies. Open questions as well as lines of further developments are discussed. Nonperturbative or Exact Renormalisation Group (ERG) has become a popular tool to study strongly interacting dy-namics [1]. It has been used to study a variety of physical systems, from nonrelativistic two-body [2] and many-body [3] systems to effective quark models [4] and gauge theo-ries [5]. The main object of the ERG is the scale-dependent average effective action Γk, where k is an auxiliary running