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arXiv:0710.5033 · Physical Review A

Efficient spatially resolved multimode quantum memory

Karl Surmacz, J. Nunn, K. Reim, K. C. Lee, Virginia O. Lorenz, Benjamin Sussman, Ian A. Walmsley, Dieter Jaksch

Published Sep 8, 2008• 54 citations
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Abstract

Light storage in atomic ensembles has been implemented successfully, but the retrieval efficiency can be low. We propose to improve this efficiency with appropriately phase-matched backward propagating retrieval. This method allows for easy spatial filtering of the retrieved light; in addition, multiple optical modes can be stored in the transverse momentum of the ensemble. We model walk-off effects with a full numerical simulation, and confirm the applicability of the scheme.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.78.033806

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Light storage in atomic ensembles has been implemented successfully, but the retrieval efficiency can be low. We propose to improve this efficiency with appropriately phase-matched backward propagating retrieval. This method allows for easy spatial filtering of the retrieved light; in addition, multiple optical modes can be stored in the transverse momentum of the ensemble. We model walk-off effects with a full numerical simulation, and confirm the applicability of the scheme.
We present a new scheme of quantum memory for optical images (spatially multimode light fields) that allows mapping the quantum state of the signal onto the long-lived coherence of the ground state of an ensemble of stationary atoms or impurity centers. The memory medium is embedded in an optical cavity with degenerate transverse modes, which increases the effective optical thickness of the medium and allows one, in principle, to store information in optically thin atomic layers. Since, in reality, storage and retrieval of limited-duration signals, including signals shorter than the lifetime of the field in the cavity, is of interest, we do not use the low- Q cavity approximation. The influence of losses due to partial reflection of the nonstationary signal field incident on a coupling mirror on the storage efficiency is considered. We used the method of approximate impedance matching, wherein losses due to reflection can be minimized by controlling the coupling parameter of the light field with memory medium in time, thus creating conditions for destructive interference of the signal and local fields on the coupling mirror. The influence of diffraction on the transverse resolution of memory at the writing and readout stages is investigated, and the number of effectively stored transverse spatial modes of the signal is estimated.
We study spatial multimode quantum memories based on light storage in extended ensembles of Λ-type atoms. We show that such quantum light-matter interfaces allow for highly efficient storage of many spatial modes. In particular, forward operating memories possess excellent scaling with the important physical parameters: quadratic scaling with the Fresnel number and even cubic with the optical depth of the atomic ensemble. Thus, the simultaneous use of both the longitudinal and transverse shape of the stored spin wave modes constitutes a valuable and so far overlooked resource for multimode quantum memories.
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This paper studies the Raman quantum memory protocol as applied to quantum light with orbital angular momentum. The memory protocol is implemented on an ensemble of three-level cold atoms with the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration of energy levels. The possibility of storing quantum statistics of light with an orbital momentum is analyzed in the case when the driving field could be treated as a plane wave. The efficiency analysis shows that examined storage and retrieval processes do not cause the efficiency decreasing compared with the spatial multimode memory protocol considered in [T. Golubeva, Y. M. Golubev, O. Mishina, A. Bramati, J. Laurat, and E. Giacobino, Eur. Phys. J. D 66, 275 (2012)]. We also present an effective transformation of the orbital angular momentum of a quantum field on a memory cell using the driving field with orbital angular momentum.
A scheme for spatial multimode quantum memory is developed such that spatial-temporal structure of a weak signal pulse can be stored and recalled via cavity-assisted off-resonant Raman interaction with a strong angular-modulated control field in an extended $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type atomic ensemble. It is shown that effective multimode storage is possible when the Raman coherence spatial grating involves wave vectors with different longitudinal components relative to the paraxial signal field. The possibilities of implementing the scheme in the solid-state materials are discussed.