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arXiv:1912.03522 · Physical Review A

Conversion and storage of modes with orbital angular momentum in a quantum memory scheme

E. A. Vashukevich, T. Yu. Golubeva, Yu. M. Golubev

Published Mar 20, 2020• 17 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

This paper studies the Raman quantum memory protocol as applied to quantum light with orbital angular momentum. The memory protocol is implemented on an ensemble of three-level cold atoms with the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration of energy levels. The possibility of storing quantum statistics of light with an orbital momentum is analyzed in the case when the driving field could be treated as a plane wave. The efficiency analysis shows that examined storage and retrieval processes do not cause the efficiency decreasing compared with the spatial multimode memory protocol considered in [T. Golubeva, Y. M. Golubev, O. Mishina, A. Bramati, J. Laurat, and E. Giacobino, Eur. Phys. J. D 66, 275 (2012)]. We also present an effective transformation of the orbital angular momentum of a quantum field on a memory cell using the driving field with orbital angular momentum.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.101.033830

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This paper studies the Raman quantum memory protocol as applied to quantum light with orbital angular momentum. The memory protocol is implemented on an ensemble of three-level cold atoms with the \ensuremathΛ\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\ensuremathΛ configuration of energy levels. The possibility of storing quantum statistics of light with an orbital momentum is analyzed in the case when the driving field could be treated as a plane wave. The efficiency analysis shows that examined storage and retrieval processes do not cause the efficiency decreasing compared with the spatial multimode memory protocol considered in [T. Golubeva, Y. M. Golubev, O. Mishina, A. Bramati, J. Laurat, and E. Giacobino, Eur. Phys. J. D 66, 275 (2012)]. We also present an effective transformation of the orbital angular momentum of a quantum field on a memory cell using the driving field with orbital angular momentum.
Abstract The spatial modes of light, carrying a quantized amount of orbital angular momentum (OAM), is one of the excellent candidates that provides access to high-dimensional quantum states, which essentially makes it promising towards building high-dimensional quantum networks. Quantum memory with efficiency above 50% is an essential condition for beating the no-cloning limit or in the one-way quantum computation. However, up till now, the highest storage efficiencies achieved for OAM states are below 30%, which is an obstacle towards practical applications. In this paper, we report the storage and retrieval of photonic qubits encoded with OAM state in an elongated cold rubidium atomic ensemble, achieving a storage efficiency around 65% with an average conditional fidelity above 98%. Our work constitutes an efficient node that is needed towards high dimensional and large scale quantum networks.
The improvement of the multi-mode capability of quantum memory can further improve the utilization efficiency of the quantum memory and reduce the requirement of quantum communication for storage units. In this letter, we experimentally investigate the multi-mode light multiplexing storage of orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode based on rubidium vapor, and demultiplexing by a photonic OAM mode splitter which combines a Sagnac loop with two dove prisms. Our results show a mode extinction ratio higher than 80%\%% at 1 μμμs of storage time. Meanwhile, two OAM modes have been multiplexing stored and demultiplexed in our experimental configuration. We believe the experimental scheme may provide a possibility for high channel capacity and multi-mode quantum multiplexed quantum storage based on atomic ensembles.
A quantum memory is a key component for quantum networks, which will enable the distribution of quantum information. Its successful development requires storage of single-photon light. Encoding photons with spatial shape through higher-dimensional states significantly increases their information-carrying capability and network capacity. However, constructing such quantum memories is challenging. Here we report the first experimental realization of a true single-photon-carrying orbital angular momentum stored via electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold atomic ensemble. Our experiments show that the non-classical pair correlation between trigger photon and retrieved photon is retained, and the spatial structure of input and retrieved photons exhibits strong similarity. More importantly, we demonstrate that single-photon coherence is preserved during storage. The ability to store spatial structure at the single-photon level opens the possibility for high-dimensional quantum memories. Photonic quantum memories are necessary for quantum information networks and can be built using cold atomic gases. In this work, Ding et al. show the first storage and retrieval of single photons carrying orbital angular momentum using electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold rubidium ensemble.
Quantum memories are indispensible for establishing a long-distance quantum network. High-dimensional quantum memories enable a higher channel capacity compared to a quantum memory working in a two-dimensional space, and have a lower requirement for storage lifetime in the field of quantum coomunication. The photonic transverse spatial modes such as Laguerra-Gaussian modes orbital angular momentum (OAM) are ideal candidates for encoding high-dimensional information, because it can form an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. Although the faithful storage of an OAM qubit or qutrit has been realized in pioneering works, the longest storage lifetime for the former is only in the order of a few microseconds, and hundreds of nano-seconds for the latter. Here we implement a quantum memory for OAM qubits and qutrits using a cold atomic ensemble, the experimental results clearly show that our memory can still beat the classical limit after a storage time of 400μs400μs400μs,which is two orders of magnitude higher than the previous work. The retrieval efficiency at this time equals to 44%44\%44% of the value when the storage time is set to be 10μs10μs10μs. Our work is very promising for establishing a high dimensional quantum network.
In this paper, an optical memory based on an ensemble of cold Cesium atoms interacting with light in the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) regime is studied in view of spatially multimode quantum storage. The interfacing protocol involves a control field, generating EIT for the very weak field that carries the quantum signal to be stored and enabling its mapping into the collective hyperfine coherence of the cold atomic ensemble. For the demonstration of multimode storage, the signal pulse at the single photon level is prepared in a mode with (OAM), while the control field is in a TEM00 mode. After the writing process, the information is kept in the memory register. In the retrieval phase, the information is read back from atoms to light and we show that these pulses at the single photon level with OAM can be stored and retrieved with a preserved spatial phase and a good efficiency.
Quantum memories have been realized in different physical systems, such as atomic ensembles or solid systems. To date, all quantum memories have realized the storage and retrieval of photons encoded using only a two-dimensional space spanned, for example, by the orthogonal polarization states, and hence can only store a quantum bit. Using electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold atomic ensemble, we report the experimental realization of a quantum memory storing a photon encoded in a three-dimensional space spanned by orbital angular momentum (OAM) states. We experimentally reconstruct the storage process density matrix with a fidelity of 85.385.3%\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.8%85.3 using a 4-f imaging system. We also realize storage of two special photonic qutrit states as examples. Toward storing a higher-dimensional state encoded in OAM space, the efficiency difference between different OAM states should be considered according to the experimental results. The capability to store high-dimensional quantum states with high fidelity is a key step towards building high-dimensional quantum networks.