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arXiv:0710.4865 · Physical Review B

Exact mesoscopic correlation functions of the Richardson pairing model

Alexandre Faribault, Pasquale Calabrese, Jean-Sébastien Caux

Published Feb 8, 2008• 58 citations
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Abstract

We study the static correlation functions of the Richardson pairing model (also known as the reduced or discrete-state BCS model) in the canonical ensemble. Making use of the algebraic Bethe ansatz formalism, we obtain exact expressions which are easily evaluated numerically for any value of the pairing strength up to large numbers of particles. We provide explicit results at half-filling and extensively discuss their finite-size scaling behavior.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.77.064503

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We study the static correlation functions of the Richardson pairing model (also known as the reduced or discrete-state BCS model) in the canonical ensemble. Making use of the algebraic Bethe ansatz formalism, we obtain exact expressions which are easily evaluated numerically for any value of the pairing strength up to large numbers of particles. We provide explicit results at half-filling and extensively discuss their finite-size scaling behavior.
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Abstract We review the exact treatment of the pairing correlation functions in the canonical ensemble. The key for the calculations has been provided by relating the discrete BCS model to known integrable theories corresponding to the so called Gaudin magnets with suitable boundary terms. In the present case the correlation functions can be accessed beyond the formal level, allowing the description of the cross‐over from few electrons to the thermodynamic limit. In particular, we summarize the results on the finite size scaling behavior of the canonical pairing clarifying some puzzles emerged in the past. Some recent developments and applications are outlined.
Superconducting pairing of electrons in nanoscale metallic particles with discrete energy levels and a fixed number of electrons is described by the reduced Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer model Hamiltonian. We show that this model is integrable by the algebraic Bethe ansatz. The eigenstates, spectrum, conserved operators, integrals of motion, and norms of wave functions are obtained. Furthermore, the quantum inverse problem is solved, meaning that form factors and correlation functions can be explicitly evaluated. Closed form expressions are given for the form factors and correlation functions that describe superconducting pairing.
We present a derivation of a previously announced result for matrix elements between exact eigenstates of the pairing Hamiltonian. Our results, which generalize the well-known Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) (Bardeen et al 1957 Phys. Rev. 108 1175; 1957 Phys. Rev. 106 162) expressions for what are known as ‘coherence factors’, are derived based on the Slavnov (1989 Theor. Math. Phys. 79 502) formula for overlaps between Bethe-ansatz states, thus making use of the known connection between the exact diagonalization of the BCS Hamiltonian, due to Richardson (1963 Phys. Lett. 3 277; 1964 Nucl. Phys. A 52 221), and the algebraic Bethe ansatz. The resulting formula has a compact form after a suitable parameterization of the energy plane. Although we apply our method here to the pairing Hamiltonian, it may be adjusted to study what is termed the ‘Sutherland limit’ (Sutherland 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 816) for exactly solvable models, namely where a macroscopic number of rapidities form a large string.
For the exactly solved reduced BCS model an electrostatic analogy exists; in particular it served to obtain the exact thermodynamic limit of the model from the Richardson Bethe ansatz equations. We present an electrostatic analogy for a wider class of integrable Hamiltonians with pairing force interactions. We apply it to obtain the exact thermodynamic limit of this class of models. To verify the analytical results, we compare them with numerical solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations for finite systems at half-filling for the ground state.