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arXiv:0709.3158 · Physical Review A

Twin peaks in rf spectra of Fermi gases at unitarity

Pietro Massignan, Georg M. Bruun, Henk T. C. Stoof

Published Mar 3, 2008• 50 citations
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Abstract

We calculate the radio-frequency spectrum of balanced and imbalanced ultracold Fermi gases in the normal phase at unitarity. For the homogeneous case the spectrum of both the majority and minority components always has a single peak even in the pseudogap regime. We furthermore show how the double-peak structures observed in recent experiments arise due to the inhomogeneity of the trapped gas. The main experimental features observed above the critical temperature in the recent experiment of Schunck et al. [Science 316, 867 (2007)] are recovered with no fitting parameters.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.031601

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We calculate the radio-frequency spectrum of balanced and imbalanced ultracold Fermi gases in the normal phase at unitarity. For the homogeneous case the spectrum of both the majority and minority components always has a single peak even in the pseudogap regime. We furthermore show how the double-peak structures observed in recent experiments arise due to the inhomogeneity of the trapped gas. The main experimental features observed above the critical temperature in the recent experiment of Schunck et al. [Science 316, 867 (2007)] are recovered with no fitting parameters.
We show that strong pairing correlations in Fermi gases lead to the appearance of a gaplike structure in the rf spectrum, both in the balanced superfluid and in the normal phase above the Clogston-Chandrasekhar limit. The average rf shift of a unitary gas is proportional to the ratio of the Fermi velocity and the scattering length with the final state. In the strongly imbalanced case, the rf spectrum measures the binding energy of a minority atom to the Fermi sea of majority atoms. Our results provide a qualitative understanding of recent experiments by Schunck et al.
Motivated by recent experiments, we address the behavior and evolution of radio-frequency (RF) spectra as temperature and polarization are varied in population-imbalanced Fermi gases from above to below Tc{T}_{c}Tc​. We discuss a series of scenarios for the experimentally observed zero-temperature pseudogap phase and show how present and future RF experiments may help in its elucidation. We conclude that the experiments of Zwierlein and co-workers at the lowest TTT may well reflect ground-state properties, but take issue with their claim that the pairing gap survives up to temperatures of the order of the degeneracy temperature TF{T}_{F}TF​ at unitarity.
Taking into account the effect of the generalized Gor'kov and Melik—Barkhudarov (GMB) approximation, we calculate the radio-frequency spectra of balanced and homogeneous ultracold Fermi gases within the framework of the non-self-consistent T-matrix approximation at unitarity in the normal phase. The corresponding equations are numerically calculated on the real frequency axis directly. It is found that our results agree well with the experimental result of the radio-frequency spectroscopy [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 140403].
We provide a comprehensive theoretical study of the radio-frequency (rf) spectra of a two-component Fermi gas with balanced populations in the normal region of the temperature-vs-coupling phase diagram. In particular, rf spectra are analyzed in terms of two characteristic peaks, which can be either distinct or overlapping. On the BEC side of the crossover, these two contributions are associated with a fermionic quasi-particle peak and a bosonic-like contribution due to pairing. On the BCS side of the crossover, the two peaks are instead associated with interactions between particles occurring, respectively, at high or low relative momenta. Through this two-peak analysis, we show how and to what extent the correlation between the widths of the rf spectra and the pair size, previously identified in the superfluid phase at low temperature, can be extended to the normal phase, as well as how the temperature-vs-coupling phase diagram of the BCS-BEC crossover can be partitioned in a number of distinct physical sectors. Several analytic results for the shape and widths of the rf spectra are also derived in appropriate temperature and coupling limits.
Abstract We investigate the superfluid-to-normal zero temperature quantum phase transitions of asymmetric two-component Fermi gases as a function of the chemical potential imbalance h . The calculations are performed for homogeneous and trapped imbalanced systems. We concentrate at unitarity, characterized by a divergent interaction parameter k F a , where most of the current experiments are realized. For homogeneous systems, we determine the critical chemical potential imbalance h c at which possible phase transitions occur. In the case of trapped gases, we show how h c can be consistently determined from experimental observations.
We present spatially resolved radio-frequency spectroscopy of a trapped Fermi gas with resonant interactions and observe a spectral gap at low temperatures. The spatial distribution of the spectral response of the trapped gas is obtained using in situ phase-contrast imaging and 3D image reconstruction. At the lowest temperature, the homogeneous rf spectrum shows an asymmetric excitation line shape with a peak at 0.48(4)epsilonF with respect to the free atomic line, where epsilonF is the local Fermi energy.