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arXiv:0708.1007 · Applied Physics Letters

On-chip matching networks for radio-frequency single-electron transistors

W. W. Xue, B. Davis, Feng Pan, J. Stettenheim, T. J. Gilheart, A. J. Rimberg, Z. Ji

Published Aug 27, 2007• 13 citations
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Abstract

In this letter, the authors describe operation of a radio-frequency superconducting single electron transistor (rf-SSET) with an on-chip superconducting LC matching network consisting of a spiral inductor L and its capacitance to ground Cp. The superconducting network has a lower Cp and gives a better matching for the rf-SSET than does a commercial chip inductor. Moreover, the superconducting network has negligibly low dissipation, leading to sensitive response to changes in the rf-SSET impedance. The charge sensitivity δq=2.4×10−6e∕Hz in the subgap region and energy sensitivity δε=1.9ℏ indicate that the rf-SSET is operating in the vicinity of the shot noise limit.

DOI
10.1063/1.2776888

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In this letter, the authors describe operation of a radio-frequency superconducting single electron transistor (rf-SSET) with an on-chip superconducting LC matching network consisting of a spiral inductor L and its capacitance to ground Cp. The superconducting network has a lower Cp and gives a better matching for the rf-SSET than does a commercial chip inductor. Moreover, the superconducting network has negligibly low dissipation, leading to sensitive response to changes in the rf-SSET impedance. The charge sensitivity δq=2.4×10−6e∕Hz in the subgap region and energy sensitivity δε=1.9ℏ indicate that the rf-SSET is operating in the vicinity of the shot noise limit.
We have investigated the effects of quantum fluctuations of quasiparticles on the operation of superconducting radio-frequency single-electron transistors (rf-SETs) for large values of the quasiparticle cotunneling parameter alpha = 8EJ/Ec, where EJ and Ec are the Josephson and charging energies. We find that, for alpha > 1, subgap rf-SET operation is still feasible despite quantum fluctuations that wash out quasiparticle tunneling thresholds. Surprisingly, such rf-SETs show linearity and signal-to-noise ratio superior to those obtained when quantum fluctuations are weak, while still demonstrating excellent charge sensitivity.
Ultrasensitive detectors and readout devices based on the radio frequency single electron transistor (rf-SET) combine near quantum-limited sensitivity with fast operation. Here we describe a twin rf-SET detector that uses two superconducting rf-SETs to perform fast, real-time cross-correlated measurements in order to distinguish subelectron signals from charge noise on microsecond time scales. The twin rf-SET makes use of two tuned resonance circuits to simultaneously and independently address both rf-SETs using wavelength division multiplexing and a single cryogenic amplifier. We focus on the operation of the twin rf-SET as a charge detector and evaluate the cross talk between the two resonance circuits. Real-time suppression of charge noise is demonstrated by cross correlating the signals from the two rf-SETs. For the case of simultaneous operation, the rf-SETs had charge sensitivities of δqSET1=7.5μe∕Hz and δqSET2=4.4μe∕Hz.
We present results on a double-island single-electron transistor (DISET) operated at radio frequency (rf) for the fast and highly sensitive detection of charge motion in the solid state. Using an intuitive definition for the charge sensitivity, we compare a DISET to a conventional single-electron transistor (SET). We find that a DISET can be more sensitive than a SET for identical, minimum device resistances in the Coulomb blockade regime. This is of particular importance for rf operation, where ideal impedance matching to 50-Ω transmission lines is only possible for a limited range of device resistances. We report a charge sensitivity of 5.6×10−6e∕Hz for a rf-DISET, together with a demonstration of the single-shot detection of small (⩽0.1e) charge signals on microsecond time scales.
We have fabricated an aluminum single-electron transistor and characterized it at frequencies up to 10 MHz by measuring the reflected signal from a resonant tank in which the transistor is embedded. We measured the charge sensitivity of this radio-frequency single-electron transistor to be 3.2×10−6 e/Hz, which corresponds to the uncoupled energy sensitivity of 4.8 ℏ. Our measurements indicate that with further improvements, the radio-frequency single-electron transistor could reach the shot-noise limit estimated to be about 1 ℏ.
We demonstrate a sensitive method of charge detection based on radio-frequency readout of the Josephson inductance of a superconducting single-electron transistor. Charge sensitivity 1.4 x 10(-4) e/square root Hz, limited by a preamplifier, is achieved in an operation mode which takes advantage of the nonlinearity of the Josephson potential. Owing to reactive readout, our setup has more than 2 orders of magnitude lower dissipation than the existing method of radio-frequency electrometry. With an optimized sample, we expect uncoupled energy sensitivity below variant Planck's over h in the same experimental scheme.