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arXiv:0707.1348 · Physical Review Letters

Engineering Quantum States of a Nanoresonator via a Simple Auxiliary System

Kurt A. Jacobs

Published Sep 12, 2007• 50 citations
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Abstract

We show how to engineer an extensive range of nonlinear Hamiltonians for a nanomechanical resonator. The technique requires only a time-dependent drive applied to a Cooper-pair box or second oscillator to which the nanoresonator is coupled. This method allows one to generate a large number of nonclassical states, as well as Hamiltonians whose classical counterparts are chaotic.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.99.117203

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•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations
We show how to engineer an extensive range of nonlinear Hamiltonians for a nanomechanical resonator. The technique requires only a time-dependent drive applied to a Cooper-pair box or second oscillator to which the nanoresonator is coupled. This method allows one to generate a large number of nonclassical states, as well as Hamiltonians whose classical counterparts are chaotic.
We show two effects as a result of considering the second-order correction to the spectrum of a nanomechanical resonator electrostatically coupled to a Cooper-pair box. The spectrum of the Cooper-pair box is modified in a way which depends on the Fock state of the resonator. Similarly, the frequency of the resonator becomes dependent upon the state of the Cooper-pair box. We consider whether these frequency shifts could be utilized to prepare the nanomechanical resonator in a Fock state, to perform a quantum non-demolition measurement of the resonator Fock state, and to distinguish the phase states of the Cooper-pair box.
We propose a scheme for generating squeezed states in solid state circuits consisting of a nanomechanical resonator (NMR), a superconducting Cooper-pair box (CPB) and a superconducting transmission line resonator (STLR). The nonlinear interaction between the NMR and the STLR can be implemented by setting the external biased flux of the CPB at certain values. The interaction Hamiltonian between the NMR and the STLR is derived by performing Fro¨\rm\ddot oo¨hlich transformation on the total Hamiltonian of the combined system. Just by adiabatically keeping the CPB at the ground state, we get the standard parametric down-conversion Hamiltonian. The CPB plays the role of ``nonlinear media", and the squeezed states of the NMR can be easily generated in a manner similar to the three-wave mixing in quantum optics. This is the three-wave mixing in a solid-state circuit.
We describe a method to engineer giant nonlinearities in, and probes to measure nonlinear observables of, mesoscopic quantum resonators. This involves tailoring the Hamiltonian of a simple auxiliary system perturbatively coupled to the resonator, and has the potential to engineer a wide range of nonlinearities to high accuracy. We give a number of explicit examples, including a readily realizable two-qubit auxiliary system that creates an x;{4} potential and a chi;{(3)} (Kerr) nonlinearity, valid to fifth order in the perturbative coupling.
In this work we used an arrangement consisting of Cooper pairs (Cooper Pair Box, CPB) interacting with a nanomechanical Resonator (NR) for various studies: to produce controlable holes in the statistical distribution of excitations of the NR, for resonant and non-resonant cases; to study the evolution of the entropy and the inversion of excitations, including losses in the CPB; and to study the evolution of the Wigner function under the infuence of a reservoir. We have obtained the exact solution of the master equation describing the non-degenerate parametric amplifier interacting with a generalized model of linear phase sensitive reservoir, having the form of the equation equivalent to that of the Fokker-Planck propagator for the Wigner function. We have calculated the Wigner function describing the temporal evolution of a state initially in a superposition of two coherent states, a kind of "Schr?odinger cat", and finally, we have also studied the temporal evolution of the negativity of this function, one of the indicators of nonclassicality of vibrational states of the NR.