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arXiv:0706.0268

Forward and Backward time observables for quantum evolution and quantum stochastic processes-I: The time observables

Y. Strauss

Published Jun 2, 2007• 3 citations
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Abstract

Given a Hamiltonian $H$ on a Hilbert space $\mathcal H$ it is shown that, under the assumption that $σ(H)=σ_{ac}(H)=R^+$, there exist unique positive operators $T_F$ and $T_B$ registering the Schrödinger time evolution generated by $H$ in the forward (future) direction and backward (past) direction respectively. These operators may be considered as time observables for the quantum evolution. Moreover, it is shown that the same operators may serve as time observables in the construction of quantum stochastic differential equations and quantum stochastic processes in the framework of the Hudson-Parthasarathy quantum stochastic calculus. The basic mechanism enabling for the definition of the time observables originates from the recently developed semigroup decomposition formalism used in the description of the time evolution of resonances in quantum mechanical scattering problems.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0706.0268

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In the calculus of Hudson and Parthasarathy we show the existence of a solution to the quantum stochastic evolution equation U ( t ) = I + ∫ 0 t U ( s ) ( L 1 d Λ ( s ) + L 2 d A ( s ) + L 3 d A † ( s ) + L 4 d s ) for a class of unbounded operators L1, …, L4 in the initial space, and show that the necessary and sufficient condition that U be a unitary process is the same as in the case that L1, …, L4 are bounded. Applications of the vacuum conditional expectation to U give rise to strongly continuous semigroups and their generators in the initial space, and to ultraweakly continuous completely positive semigroups and their generators in the von Neumann algebra of the initial space.
We consider a quantum stochastic evolution in continuous time defined by the quantum stochastic differential equation of Hudson and Parthasarathy. On one side, such an evolution can also be defined by a standard Schrödinger equation with a singular and unbounded Hamiltonian operator K. On the other side, such an evolution can also be obtained as a limit from Hamiltonian repeated interactions in discrete time. We study how the structure of the Hamiltonian K emerges in the limit from repeated to continuous interactions. We present results in the case of 1-dimensional multiplicity and system spaces, where calculations can be explicitly performed, and the proper formulation of the problem can be discussed.
Abstract The fundamental dynamics of quantum particles is neutral with respect to the arrow of time. And yet, our experiments are not: we observe quantum systems evolving from the past to the future, but not the other way round. A fundamental question is whether it is possible, at least in principle, to conceive a broader set of operations that probe quantum processes in the backward direction, from the future to the past, or more generally, in a combination of the forward and backward directions. Here we introduce a mathematical framework for operations that are not constrained to a definite time direction. More generally, we introduce a set of multipartite operations that include indefinite time direction as well as indefinite causal order, providing a framework for potential extensions of quantum theory.
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We develop a rather general framework for constructing quantum Markov processes through Markov operator cocycles (see Chapter 2, Section 3) that satisfy a quantum stochastic differential equation.In order to achieve this goal we first recall the basic facts of Boson Fock quantum stochastic calculus and then give the fundamental results in the theory of quantum stochastic differential equations concerning existence, uniqueness, time reversal, isometricity and coisometricity of solutions. Next we construct the quantum flow associated with a Markov operator cocycle, and give a condition that guarantees that the restriction to a commutative subalgebra is a commutative flow.