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arXiv:0705.3941 · Physical Review Letters

Kinetic Ferromagnetism on a Kagome Lattice

Frank Pollmann, Peter Fulde, Kirill Shtengel

Published Apr 2, 2008• 67 citations
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Abstract

We study strongly correlated electrons on a kagome lattice at 1/6 (and 5/6) filling. They are described by an extended Hubbard Hamiltonian. We are concerned with the limit |t|<<V<<U with a hopping amplitude t, nearest-neighbor repulsion V, and on-site repulsion U. We derive an effective Hamiltonian and show, with the help of the Perron-Frobenius theorem, that the system is ferromagnetic at low temperatures. The robustness of ferromagnetism is discussed and extensions to other lattices are indicated.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.100.136404

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We study strongly correlated electrons on a kagome lattice at 1/6 (and 5/6) filling. They are described by an extended Hubbard Hamiltonian. We are concerned with the limit |t|<<V<<U with a hopping amplitude t, nearest-neighbor repulsion V, and on-site repulsion U. We derive an effective Hamiltonian and show, with the help of the Perron-Frobenius theorem, that the system is ferromagnetic at low temperatures. The robustness of ferromagnetism is discussed and extensions to other lattices are indicated.
We study electrons hopping on a kagome lattice at third filling described by an extended Hubbard Hamiltonian with on-site and nearest-neighbor repulsions in the strongly correlated limit. As a consequence of the commensurate filling and the large interactions, each triangle has precisely two electrons in the effective low-energy description, and these electrons form chains of different lengths. The effective Hamiltonian includes the ring exchange around the hexagons as well as the nearest-neighbor Heisenberg interaction. Using large-scale exact diagonalization, we find that the effective model exhibits two phases: If the charge fluctuations are small, the magnetic fluctuations confine the charges to short loops around hexagons, yielding a gapped charge-ordered phase. When the charge fluctuations dominate, the system undergoes a quantum phase transition to a resonating plaquette phase with ordered spins and gapless spin excitations. We find that a peculiar conservation law is fulfilled: the electron in the chains can be divided into two sublattices, and this division is conserved by the ring exchange term.
The Kagome lattice Fermi-Hubbard model is one of the most physically rich, and at the same time most challenging, models to study in strongly-correlated physics. Among its special features are geometric frustration and a flat energy band that create conditions favorable to ferromagnetism near the band insulating limit. Here, we utilize two exact finite-temperature methods, the numerical linked-cluster expansion and the determinant quantum Monte Carlo, to study the extent as well as doping and interaction dependence of ferromagnetic correlations and other thermodynamic properties of the model. We find that repulsive interactions enhance ferromagnetic correlations at high electron densities and that increasing the interaction strength, extends the region with strong ferromagnetic correlations towards half filling, smoothly connecting it to Nagaoka ferromagnetism near the Mott insulating region. We also use the charge compressibility to obtain an accurate estimate for the critical interaction strength for the metal-insulator transition at half filling. These results improve our understanding of the magnetic tendencies of the model away from half filling and pave the way for further studies, including with ultracold atoms in optical lattices.
We study the magnetic properties of the two-dimensional Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor (t) and next-nearest-neighbor (t2{t}_{2}t2​) hopping and on-site repulsion U. We first calculate the mean-field phase diagram as a function of band filling and U. Because of the Van Hove singularity in the density of states, we find a ferromagnetic phase extending to zero U for certain band filling. For the half-filled band case, antiferromagnetism sets in at a finite value of U if t2{t}_{2}t2​\ensuremath{\ne}0. We study the behavior of spin-spin correlation functions for small lattices of up to N=64 atoms using Monte Carlo simulations, as well as exact diagonalization for N=4. Our results show enhanced ferromagnetic correlations in some regions, but apparently no ferromagnetic long-range order. In the half-filled case, our numerical results are consistent with a nonzero critical U. For a non-half-filled band our results suggest that there is no long-range order.
At strong on-site repulsion $ U $, the fermionic Hubbard model realizes an extremely correlated electron system. In this regime, it is natural to derive the low-energy physics with the help of non-canonical operators acting on a projected Hilbert space without double occupancies. Using a strong-coupling functional renormalization group technique, we study the physics of such extreme correlations in the strict $ U = \infty $ limit, where only kinematic interactions due to the Hilbert space projection remain. For nearest-neighbor hopping on a square lattice, we find that the electronic spectrum is significantly renormalized, with bandwidth and quasi-particle residue strongly decreasing with increasing electron density. On the other hand, damping and particle-hole asymmetry increase, while a polaronic continuum forms in the hole sector, below the single-particle band. Fermi liquid phenomenology applies only at low densities, where the system remains paramagnetic. At higher densities, we find a bad metal with strong magnetic correlations, indicating that the ground state is the Nagaoka ferromagnet at high densities and a stripe antiferromagnet at intermediate densities. Both in the paramagnetic and the ferromagnetic regimes, we observe a violation of Luttinger's theorem.
We study a model of strongly interacting spinless fermions and hard-core bosons on an anisotropic kagome lattice near 2/3-filling. Our main focus lies on the strongly anisotropic case in which the nearest–neighbor repulsions V and V ' are large compared to the hopping amplitudes | t | and | t '|. When t = t ' = 0, the system has a charge ordered insulating ground state where the charges align in striped configurations. Doping one electron or hole into the ground state yields an anisotropic metal at V ' > V , where the particle fractionalizes along the V '-bonds while propagates along the V -bonds in a one–body like manner. The sixth order ring exchange processes around the hexagonal unit of the lattice play a crucial role in forming a bound state of fractional charges.