Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:0705.0279

Opaque Attack on Three-Party Quantum Secret Sharing Based on Entanglement

Fu‐Guo Deng, Xihan Li, Hong-Yu Zhou

Published May 2, 2007• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Security of the three-party quantum secret sharing (QSS) schemes based on entanglement and a collective eavesdropping check is analyzed in the case of considerable quantum channel losses. An opaque attack scheme is presented for the dishonest agent to eavesdrop the message obtained by the other agent freely, which reveals that these QSS schemes are insecure for transmission efficiencies lower than 50%, especially when they are used to share an unknown quantum state. Finally, we present a general way to improve the security of QSS schemes for sharing not only a private key but also an unknown quantum state.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0705.0279

Related papers

Opaque Cheat Attack on Quantum Secret Sharing Schemes Based on Entanglement

Fu‐Guo Deng, Xihan Li, Hong-Yu Zhou

Security of the one-way quantum secret sharing (QSS) schemes based on entanglement and a collective eavesdropping check is analyzed in the case of considerable quantum channel losses. An opaque cheat attack scheme is presented for the dishonest agent, which reveals that these QSS schemes are completely insecure for transmission efficiencies lower than 50%. That is, the dishonest agent can eavesdrop fully and freely in almost all the one-way QSS schemes based on entanglement if the quantum channel induces 50% losses, including the two pioneer works, the Hillery-Bu\v{z}ek-Berthiaume scheme and the Karlsson-Koashi-Imoto scheme. Finally, we present two ways for possible improvement of these schemes.

•May 2, 2007•0 citations

High Efficient Multi-party Quantum Secret Sharing Scheme

Xiaoqian Zhang, Xiaoqing Tan, Cui Liang

Multi-party quantum secret sharing scheme with high efficient based on entanglement states is proposed and analyzed. A three-party which is presented shares a sequence of joint key bits. In this scheme, a general proof of the security against eavesdropping for three-party quantum secret sharing based on entanglement swapping is provided. The scheme which is showed is secure against a dishonest participant's intercept-and-resend attack and eavesdropper's entangle auxiliary-particles attack. In case of eavesdropping attacks with full information again, the detection bit needs to be transmitted except those for detection, the total efficiency of the scheme approaches to 100%. The protocol can be generalized to N-party system by using N-partite entanglement states.

International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing (3PGCIC)•Nov 1, 2014•0 citations

Controllable quantum secret sharing scheme on three-party entangled state

Hongyang Ma, Shumei Wang, Ran Li

Controllable quantum secret sharing scheme on three -party entangled states can be implemented in realistic,high quantum network with three quantum units.S1,S2,S3 construct a three-party entangled state.S1 prepares 2N GHZ-like state,and sends S2 and S3 the last two particles,respectively.At last,S1,S2,S3 check together,derive the private key string through hidden value α.The scheme analyzes the security of the protocol for two cases of attacks,where one is an eavesdropping by Eve,and the other is the intercept-and-resend attack by a dishonest person.The three-party entangled state guarantees the security of the controllable secret sharing scheme.

Computer Engineering and Applications Journal•Jan 1, 2009•5 citations

Three-Party Quantum Secret Sharing Based on Secure Direct Communication

Liu Yanyan, Cheng-Qian Xu

Inspired by quantum secure direct communication and quantum dense coding, we present a three-party quantum secret sharing (QSS) scheme by quantum teleportation. After performing the rectilinear basis or diagonal basis measurement randomly for the eavesdropping check to ensure the security of the quantum channel, the sender encodes the secret messages directly on a series of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs and transmits them to the receivers by quantum teleportation. Neither of the receivers can decode the secret messages on his own even if they collaborate. Only the two receivers combine their measurement results with the sender's result, can they recover the secret messages. In this scheme, one qubit can encode two bits of classical information because quantum dense coding is introduced. Using quantum teleportation, the distinct advantage of this scheme is that there is not the transmission of qubits carrying the secret messages in the quantum channel, it is absolutely secure for QSS if a perfect channel is used.

International Forum on Information Technology and Applications•May 1, 2009•8 citations

Efficient quantum secret sharing scheme with two-particle entangled states

Zhenchao Zhu, Yuqing Zhang, Anmin Fu

This paper proposes a protocol for multi-party quantum secret sharing utilizing four non-orthogonal two-particle entangled states following some ideas in the schemes proposed by Liu et al . ( 2006 Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 3148 ) and Zhang et al . ( 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 2149 ) respectively. The theoretical efficiency for qubits of the new protocol is improved from 50% to approaching 100%. All the entangled states can be used for generating the private key except those used for the eavesdropping check. The validity of a probable attack called opaque cheat attack to this kind of protocols is considered in the paper for the first time.

Chinese Physics B•Apr 1, 2011•16 citations

Quantum secret sharing protocol based on four-dimensional three-particle entangled states

Yi Xiang, Zhi Wen Mo

In this paper, we proposed a three-party quantum secret sharing (QSS) scheme using four-dimensional three-particle entangled states. In this QSS scheme, each agent can obtain a shadow of the secret key by performing single-particle measurements. Compared with the existing QSS protocol, this scheme has high efficiency and can resist the eavesdropping attack and entangle-measuring attack, which using three-particle entangled states are based on four-dimensional Hilbert space.

Modern Physics Letters B•Jan 15, 2016•8 citations
Security of the three-party quantum secret sharing (QSS) schemes based on entanglement and a collective eavesdropping check is analyzed in the case of considerable quantum channel losses. An opaque attack scheme is presented for the dishonest agent to eavesdrop the message obtained by the other agent freely, which reveals that these QSS schemes are insecure for transmission efficiencies lower than 50%, especially when they are used to share an unknown quantum state. Finally, we present a general way to improve the security of QSS schemes for sharing not only a private key but also an unknown quantum state.
Security of the one-way quantum secret sharing (QSS) schemes based on entanglement and a collective eavesdropping check is analyzed in the case of considerable quantum channel losses. An opaque cheat attack scheme is presented for the dishonest agent, which reveals that these QSS schemes are completely insecure for transmission efficiencies lower than 50%. That is, the dishonest agent can eavesdrop fully and freely in almost all the one-way QSS schemes based on entanglement if the quantum channel induces 50% losses, including the two pioneer works, the Hillery-Bu\v{z}ek-Berthiaume scheme and the Karlsson-Koashi-Imoto scheme. Finally, we present two ways for possible improvement of these schemes.
Multi-party quantum secret sharing scheme with high efficient based on entanglement states is proposed and analyzed. A three-party which is presented shares a sequence of joint key bits. In this scheme, a general proof of the security against eavesdropping for three-party quantum secret sharing based on entanglement swapping is provided. The scheme which is showed is secure against a dishonest participant's intercept-and-resend attack and eavesdropper's entangle auxiliary-particles attack. In case of eavesdropping attacks with full information again, the detection bit needs to be transmitted except those for detection, the total efficiency of the scheme approaches to 100%. The protocol can be generalized to N-party system by using N-partite entanglement states.
Controllable quantum secret sharing scheme on three -party entangled states can be implemented in realistic,high quantum network with three quantum units.S1,S2,S3 construct a three-party entangled state.S1 prepares 2N GHZ-like state,and sends S2 and S3 the last two particles,respectively.At last,S1,S2,S3 check together,derive the private key string through hidden value α.The scheme analyzes the security of the protocol for two cases of attacks,where one is an eavesdropping by Eve,and the other is the intercept-and-resend attack by a dishonest person.The three-party entangled state guarantees the security of the controllable secret sharing scheme.
Inspired by quantum secure direct communication and quantum dense coding, we present a three-party quantum secret sharing (QSS) scheme by quantum teleportation. After performing the rectilinear basis or diagonal basis measurement randomly for the eavesdropping check to ensure the security of the quantum channel, the sender encodes the secret messages directly on a series of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs and transmits them to the receivers by quantum teleportation. Neither of the receivers can decode the secret messages on his own even if they collaborate. Only the two receivers combine their measurement results with the sender's result, can they recover the secret messages. In this scheme, one qubit can encode two bits of classical information because quantum dense coding is introduced. Using quantum teleportation, the distinct advantage of this scheme is that there is not the transmission of qubits carrying the secret messages in the quantum channel, it is absolutely secure for QSS if a perfect channel is used.
This paper proposes a protocol for multi-party quantum secret sharing utilizing four non-orthogonal two-particle entangled states following some ideas in the schemes proposed by Liu et al . ( 2006 Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 3148 ) and Zhang et al . ( 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 2149 ) respectively. The theoretical efficiency for qubits of the new protocol is improved from 50% to approaching 100%. All the entangled states can be used for generating the private key except those used for the eavesdropping check. The validity of a probable attack called opaque cheat attack to this kind of protocols is considered in the paper for the first time.