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arXiv:0704.3462 · Modern Physics Letters A

ON THE NONRELATIVISTIC LIMIT OF LINEAR WAVE EQUATIONS FOR ZERO AND UNITY SPIN PARTICLES

P. Yu. Moshin, Jeferson Tomazelli

Published Jan 20, 2008• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The nonrelativistic limit of the linear wave equation for zero and unity spin bosons of mass m in the Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau representation is investigated by means of a unitary transformation, analogous to the Foldy–Wouthuysen canonical transformation for a relativistic electron. The interacting case is also analyzed, by considering a power series expansion of the transformed Hamiltonian, thus demonstrating that all features of particle dynamics can be recovered if corrections of order 1/m2 are taken into account through a recursive iteration procedure.

DOI
10.1142/s0217732308023803

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The nonrelativistic limit of the linear wave equation for zero and unity spin bosons of mass m in the Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau representation is investigated by means of a unitary transformation, analogous to the Foldy–Wouthuysen canonical transformation for a relativistic electron. The interacting case is also analyzed, by considering a power series expansion of the transformed Hamiltonian, thus demonstrating that all features of particle dynamics can be recovered if corrections of order 1/m2 are taken into account through a recursive iteration procedure.
The relationship between Foldy–Wouthuysen and Lorentz transformations has been clarified throughout this paper. We propose a generalized FW transformation connecting two particular realizations of the (m,j) representation of the Poincaré group: the covariant realization and a canonical realization acting on relativistic probability amplitudes. Fermions and bosons must be considered separately because the intrinsic parity of the particle–antiparticle systems is (−1)2j. Thus for fermions we can directly take the 2(2j+1) - dimensional Joos–Weinberg covariant realization, while for bosons we must double it to get a reducible 4(2j+1) - dimensional realization where particles and antiparticles lie in orthogonal subspaces. In short, in momentum space the FW transformation is the matrix representing a Lorentz boost times the factor (m/p0)1/2, while in configuration space the FW transformation does not belong to the Poincaré group. The last part of the paper is devoted to getting quantum-mechanical representations of the Galileo group as a contraction of Poincaré group representations by using mathematical methods earlier developed by Mickelsson and Niederle. The relevance of our generalized FW transformation for getting a smooth, well defined, nonrelativistic limit is a remarkable result.
The Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation for relativistic spin-1 particles interacting with nonuniform electric and uniform magnetic fields is performed. The Hamilton operator in the Foldy-Wouthuysen representation is determined. It agrees with the Lagrangian obtained by Pomeransky, Khriplovich, and Sen'kov. The validity of the Corben-Schwinger equations is confirmed. However, an attempt to generalize these equations in order to take into account the own quadrupole moment of particles was not successful. The known second-order wave equations are incorrect because they contain non-Hermitian terms. The correct second-order wave equation is derived.
The Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation for relativistic spin-1 particles interacting with nonuniform electric and uniform magnetic fields is performed. The Hamilton operator in the Foldy-Wouthuysen representation is determined. It agrees with the Lagrangian obtained by Pomeransky, Khriplovich, and Sen'kov. The classical and quantum formulae for the Hamiltonian agree. The validity of the Corben-Schwinger equations is confirmed. However, it is difficult to generalize these equations in order to take into account the quadrupole moment defined by a particle charge distribution. The known second-order wave equations are not quite satisfactory because they contain non-Hermitian terms. The Hermitian second-order wave equation is derived.
Spin-0 and Spin-1 Bosonic Particles Dynamics in (1+3)(1+3)(1+3) Dimensions via the Relativistic DKP Equation with a Spatially-Dependent Exponential Mass Term
Abstract The Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) equation is a relativistic wave equation governing the dynamics of spin-0 and spin-1 bosonic particles. In this work, we study the (1+3)(1+3)(1+3) ( 1 + 3 ) -dimensional DKP equation with a spatially dependent mass under a modified deformed exponential type potential. Using the framework of supersymmetric quantum mechanics, we derive approximate analytical solutions. A novel extension of the Pekeris approximation is introduced to treat the centrifugal barrier, enabling the complete determination of the energy spectrum. The non-relativistic limit of the DKP equation is obtained via an established transformation technique. The model is applied to diatomic molecules including lithium hydride (LiH), hydrogen chloride (HCl), 7Li2^{7}\textrm{Li}_{2}7Li2​ 7 Li 2 , Na2\textrm{Na}_{2}Na2​ Na 2 , and ScI. The energy spectra are computed for various quantum states ∣n,l,j⟩\left| n,l,j\right\rangle ∣n,l,j⟩ n , l , j using both relativistic and non-relativistic expressions. For LiH and HCl, where experimental data are scarce, our results show strong agreement with earlier theoretical predictions. For 7Li2^{7}\textrm{Li}_{2}7Li2​ 7 Li 2 , Na2\textrm{Na}_{2}Na2​ Na 2 , and ScI, the calculated energies align excellently with available experimental data. The proposed framework provides a reliable and analytically tractable tool for studying bosonic systems with position-dependent effective masses.
A canonical transformation similar to that given by Foldy and Wouthuysen is obtained for the spin zero and one theories. For free particles positive and negative charge states are separately described by one or three component wave functions. It is found that the resulting forms for operators and the non-relativistic limits are quite similar to that for spin \textonehalf{}. The resulting similarity is found to carry over to still higher spins. Particles moving in magnetic fields are described most simply using the transformed representation.