Explicit construction of low-overhead gadgets for gates on quantum LDPC codes

Paul Webster, Samuel C. Smith, Lawrence Z. Cohen (Nov 21 2025).

Abstract: Quantum low-density parity check (QLDPC) codes can significantly reduce the overhead of quantum computing, provided the methods for performing logical operations do not require substantial space and time resources. A popular method for performing logical operations is by measuring logical Pauli operators. We present a simple, explicit construction for fixed gadgets that can measure arbitrary logical Pauli operators on QLDPC codes when dynamically connected to the code block. We apply this construction to a family of generalised bicycle codes with distances relevant to utility-scale quantum computation ($10\leq d \leq 24$) and show that it reduces the space overhead by at least an order of magnitude compared to corresponding surface code architectures, without increasing the time overhead.

Arxiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.15989