Scalable quantum error correction tailored for a heavy-hex qubit array

Seok-Hyung Lee, Xanda C. Kolesnikow, Jun Zen, Evan T. Hockings, Campbell K. McLauchlan, Georgia M. Nixon, Thomas R. Scruby, Stephen D. Bartlett, Robin Harper, Benjamin J. Brown (Apr 17 2026).

Abstract: To produce an operable quantum computer that is made with imperfect hardware, we must design and test scalable quantum error correcting codes that are suited for the devices we can build and, in unison, develop decoding strategies that accommodate device-specific noise characteristics. Here, we introduce the \emphdynamic compass code, a subsystem code with a novel syndrome extraction cycle, that has a competitive threshold while making efficient use of qubits arranged on a heavy-hex lattice. We use a superconducting qubit array to implement a distance-5 instance of this code, and demonstrate how detailed noise characterisation can boost decoder performance to yield significant improvements in logical error rates. We perform averaged circuit eigenvalue sampling (ACES) to acquire detailed context-dependent error information on all elements of the syndrome extraction process. Furthermore, we leverage soft information produced from measurement devices to augment the decoder with measurement error information and detect leakage errors for exclusion through post-selection. Our noise-informed approach yields up to 38.3% improvement in the logical error rate of a distance-5 implementation of the dynamic compass code in experiment.

Arxiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.14296