Color code off-the-hook: avoiding hook errors with a single auxiliary per plaquette

Gilad Kishony, Austin Fowler (Apr 01 2026).

Abstract: Syndrome extraction in the planar color code is complicated by high weight stabilizers and hook errors that can reduce the circuit-level distance. With a single auxiliary qubit per plaquette, any spatially uniform circuit halves the circuit-level distance. We propose a single-auxiliary syndrome extraction circuit with color-dependent gate schedules that avoids all malign hook errors in the bulk, thereby preserving the full circuit-level distance. The circuit has minimal depth: all stabilizers of the same Pauli type are measured in parallel in six time steps. Furthermore, this schedule can be readily applied to the XYZ color code circuit, yielding an improved temporal distance. We find that at the boundary, no single hook error alone reduces the distance; instead, only certain combinations of hook errors do, which we call fractional hook errors. We demonstrate through Monte Carlo simulations over a range of circuit-level noise models and physical error rates that our circuit outperforms the previous state of the art.

Arxiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28852