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arXiv:quant-ph/9912069 · Modern Physics Letters A

QUASICLASSICAL ANALYSIS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL SCHRÖDINGER'S EQUATION AND ITS SOLUTION

М. Н. Сергеенко

Published Jan 20, 2000• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Three-dimensional Schrödinger's equation is analyzed with the help of the correspondence principle between classical and quantum-mechanical quantities. Separation is performed after reduction of the original equation to the form of the classical Hamilton–Jacobi equation. Each one-dimensional equation obtained after separation is solved by the conventional WKB method. Quasiclassical solution of the angular equation results in the integral of motion [Formula: see text] and the existence of nontrivial solution for the angular quantum number l = 0. Generalization of the WKB method for multi-turning-point problems is given. Exact eigenvalues for solvable and some "insoluble" spherically symmetric potentials are obtained. Quasiclassical eigenfunctions are written in terms of elementary functions in the form of a standing wave.

DOI
10.1142/s0217732300000104

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Three-dimensional Schrödinger's equation is analyzed with the help of the correspondence principle between classical and quantum-mechanical quantities. Separation is performed after reduction of the original equation to the form of the classical Hamilton–Jacobi equation. Each one-dimensional equation obtained after separation is solved by the conventional WKB method. Quasiclassical solution of the angular equation results in the integral of motion [Formula: see text] and the existence of nontrivial solution for the angular quantum number l = 0. Generalization of the WKB method for multi-turning-point problems is given. Exact eigenvalues for solvable and some "insoluble" spherically symmetric potentials are obtained. Quasiclassical eigenfunctions are written in terms of elementary functions in the form of a standing wave.
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Solution of the Schrödinger's equation in the zero order WKB approximation is analyzed. We observe and investigate several remarkable features of the WKB0_00​ method. Solution in the whole region is built with the help of simple connection formulas we derive from basic requirements of continuity and finiteness for the wave function in quantum mechanics. We show that, for conservative quantum systems, not only total energy, but also momentum is the constant of motion. We derive the quantization conditions for two and more turning point problems. Exact energy eigenvalues for solvable and some ``insoluble'' potentials are obtained. The eigenfunctions have the form of a standing wave, Ancos⁡(knx+δn)A_n\cos(k_nx+δ_n)An​cos(kn​x+δn​), and are the asymptote of the exact solution.
By means of numerical solutions of the quantum Hamilton Jacobi equation, a general WKB-like representation for one-dimensional wave functions is obtained. This representation is unique in the classically forbidden regions, while in the allowed one, each wave function corresponds to a one parameter family of solutions of the QHJE. The method has been applied to various systems, with different energies and initial conditions. In all investigated cases, the wave functions so obtained accurately reproduce the solutions of the Schrödinger equation, analytically or numerically computed by other ways. Some results for harmonic oscillator and radial Coulomb motion are presented.
In this paper, we develop quantum mechanics of quasi-one-dimensional systems upon the framework of the quantum-mechanical Hamilton–Jacobi theory. We will show that the Schrödinger point of view and the Hamilton–Jacobi point of view are fully equivalent in their description of physical systems, but differ in their descriptive manner. As a main result of this, a wavefunction in Hamilton–Jacobi theory can be decomposed into travelling waves in any point in space, not only asymptotically. Using the quasi-linearization technique, we derive quantum correction functions in every order of . The quantum correction functions will remove the turning-point singularity that plagues the WKB-series expansion already in zeroth order and thus provide an extremely good approximation to the full solution of the Schrödinger equation. In the language of quantum action it is also possible to elegantly solve the connection problem without asymptotic approximations. The use of quantum action further allows us to derive an equation by which the Maslov index is directly calculable without any approximations. Stationary quantum trajectories will also be considered and thoroughly discussed.
In this paper we present a method for obtaining the WKB approximation for non-separable multidimensional potentials. At its leading order one has to solve the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation with zero energy for which a very efficient method is proposed. The essence of this method lies in the recognition that in the vicinity to the potential minimum the solution of Schrödinger equation has to approach that of coupled harmonic oscillators. Quantum corrections to the semiclassical result are then obtained very easily and to an arbitrarily high order. The method is applied to the calculation of the tunneling splitting and tunneling lifetime. We show that classical turning points are part of the dynamical problem; they could not be determined simply from looking at the form of the potential, but are obtained from the solution of the pertinent equations of motion.