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arXiv:quant-ph/9911077 · AIP conference proceedings

The stochastic limit of quantum spin systems

L. Accardi

Published Jan 1, 2000• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The stochastic limit for the system of spins interacting with a boson field is investigated. In the finite volume an application of the stochastic golden rule shows that in the limit the dynamics of a quantum system is described by a quantum white noise equation that after taking of normal order is equivalent to quantum stochastic differential equation (QSDE). For the quantum Langevin equation the dynamics is well defined and is a quantum flow on the infinite lattice system.

DOI
10.1063/1.1291629

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The stochastic limit for the system of spins interacting with a boson field is investigated. In the finite volume an application of the stochastic golden rule shows that in the limit the dynamics of a quantum system is described by a quantum white noise equation that after taking of normal order is equivalent to quantum stochastic differential equation (QSDE). For the quantum Langevin equation the dynamics is well defined and is a quantum flow on the infinite lattice system.
The effects of decoherence for quantum system coupled with a bosonic field are investigated. An application of the stochastic golden rule shows that in the stochastic limit the dynamics of such a system is described by a quantum stochastic differential equation. The corresponding master equation describes convergence of a system to equilibrium. In particular it predicts exponential damping for off-diagonal matrix elements of the system density matrix, moreover these elements for a generic system will decay at least as \exp(-tN{kT\over\hbar}), where N is a number of particles in the system. As an application of the described technique a derivation from first principles (i.e. starting from a Hamiltonian description) of a quantum extension of the Glauber dynamics for systems of spins is given.
A rigorous derivation of quantum Langevin equation from microscopic dynamics in the low density limit is given. We consider a quantum model of a microscopic system (test particle) coupled with a reservoir (gas of light Bose particles) via interaction of scattering type. We formulate a mathematical procedure (the so-called stochastic golden rule) which allows us to determine the quantum Langevin equation in the limit of large time and small density of particles of the reservoir. The quantum Langevin equation describes not only dynamics of the system but also the reservoir. We show that the generator of the corresponding master equation has the Lindblad form of most general generators of completely positive semigroups.
Dynamics of quantum systems which are stochastically perturbed by linear coupling to the reservoir can be studied in terms of quantum stochastic differential equations (for example, quantum stochastic Liouville equation and quantum Langevin equation).In order to work it out one needs to define the quantum Brownian motion.As far as only its boson version has been known until recently, in the present paper we present the definition which makes it possible to consider the fermion Brownian motion as well.