The main aim of this article is to discuss characteristic physical phenomena which govern the destruction of quantum coherence of material wave packets.
Wave Packets: Past and Present (M. Nauenberg). Semiclassical Wave Packets (E. Heller). Excitation of Atomic Wave Packets (J. Yeazell). From Asteroids to Atoms: Quantum Wave Packets and the Restricted Three--Body Problem of Celestial Mechanics (E. Lee, et al.). Destruction of Quantum Coherence and Wave Packet Dynamics (G. Alber). Wave Packets and Half--Cycle Pulses (P. Bucksbaum). Exploring Phase Space with Wave Packets (F. Borondo & R. Benito). Wave Packet Dynamics in Small Molecules (M. Braun, et al.). Time Dependent and Time Independent Wave Packet Approaches to Reactive Scattering (S. Althorpe, et al.). Laser--Excited Wave Packets in Semiconductor Heterostructures (K. Leo & M. Koch). Index.
We examine the dynamics of a wave packet that initially corresponds to a coherent state in the model of quantum kicked rotator. This main model of quantum chaos, which allows for a transition from regular to to chaotic behavior in the classical limit, may be realized in experiments with cold atoms. We study the generation of squeezed states in the quasiclassical limit and in a time interval when quantum-classical correspondence is yet well-defined. We find that the degree of squeezing depends on the degree of local instability in the system and increases with the Chirikov parameter of stochasticity. We discuss the dependence of the degree of squeezing on the initial width of the packet, the problems of stability and observability of squeezed states at the transition to quantum chaos, as well as the dynamics of wave packet destruction.
The article discusses the properties of time evolution of wave packets in a few systems. Dynamics of wave packet motion for Rydberg atoms with the hierarchy of collapses and revivals is briefly reviewed. The main part of the paper focuses on the new mechanism of quantum reccurrences in wave packet dynamics. This mechanism can occur (in principle) in any physical system with strong enough spin-orbit interaction. We discuss here the SPIN_ORBIT PENDULUM effect that consists in different motions of subpackets possessing different spin fields and results in oscillations of a fraction of average angular momentum between spin and ordinary subspaces. The evolution of localized wave packet into toroidal objects and backwards (for other class of initial conditions) is also subject to discussion.