Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:quant-ph/9907097 · Physical Review A

Realizing probabilistic identification and cloning of quantum states via universal quantum logic gates

Chuanwei Zhang, Zi-Yang Wang, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo

Published May 16, 2000• 18 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Probabilistic quantum cloning and identifying machines can be constructed via unitary-reduction processes [Duan and Guo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4999 (1998)]. Given the cloning (identifying) probabilities, we derive an explicit representation of the unitary evolution and corresponding Hamiltonian to realize probabilistic cloning (identification). The logic networks are obtained by decomposing the unitary representation into universal quantum logic operations. The robustness of the networks is also discussed. Our method is suitable for a k-partite system, such as quantum computer, and may be generalized to general state-dependent cloning and identification.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.61.062310

Related papers

Realization of Probabilistic Identification and Clone of Quantum-States

Chuanwei Zhang, Ziyang Wang, Chuan‐Feng Li +1 more

Although the existence of unitary evolution for probabilistic identification and clone of quantum states has been demonstrated, the concrete form is undeveloped. In this paper, we first derived unitary evolution matrixes with the given probability for $n$-state identification. On the base of the work, the corresponding Hamiltonian was illustrated in detail. To some generalization, we found unitary representations and Hamiltonians of $N$ probabilistic clones given $M$ initial exact copies using the similar method. And the probabilistic identification given $M$ initial copies come out the result in the similar way. For the specialization of quantum computer, the evolution of probabilistic identification and clone in $2^n$-dimension quantum system is successfully derived and we realize it with the universal quantum logic gates.

•Jul 30, 1999•0 citations

Realization of Probabilistic Identification and Clone of Quantum-States II Multiparticles System

Chuanwei Zhang, Chuan‐Feng Li, Guang‐Can Guo

We realize the probabilistic cloning and identifying linear independent quantum states of multi-particles system, given prior probability, with universal quantum logic gates using the method of unitary representation. Our result is universal for separate state and entanglement. We also provide the realization in the condition given $M$ initial copies for each state.

arXiv:quant-ph/9908002•Jul 31, 1999•0 citations

Probabilistic Cloning and Identification of Linearly Independent Quantum States

L.-M. Duan, Guang‐Can Guo

We construct a probabilistic quantum cloning machine by a general unitary-reduction operation. With a postselection of the measurement results, the machine yields faithful copies of the input states. It is shown that the states secretly chosen from a certain set $S\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{1}〉,|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{2}〉,\dots{},|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{n}〉}$ can be probabilistically cloned if and only if $|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{1}〉,|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{2}〉,\dots{},\mathrm{and}|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{n}〉$ are linearly independent. We derive the best possible cloning efficiencies. Probabilistic cloning has a close connection with the problem of identification of a set of states, which is a type of $n+1$ outcome measurement on $n$ linearly independent states. The optimal efficiencies for this type of measurement are obtained.

arXiv:quant-ph/9804064•Physical Review Letters•Jun 1, 1998•474 citations

Experimental Demonstration of Probabilistic Quantum Cloning

Hongwei Chen, Dawei Lu, Bo Chong +4 more

The method of quantum cloning is divided into two main categories: approximate and probabilistic quantum cloning. The former method is used to approximate an unknown quantum state deterministically, and the latter can be used to faithfully copy the state probabilistically. Thus far, many approximate cloning machines have been experimentally demonstrated, but probabilistic cloning remains an experimental challenge, as it requires more complicated networks and a higher level of precision control. In this work, we design an efficient quantum network with a limited amount of resources and perform the first experimental demonstration of probabilistic quantum cloning in a NMR quantum computer. In our experiment, the optimal cloning efficiency proposed by Duan and Guo [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4999 (1998)] is achieved.

arXiv:1104.3643•Physical Review Letters•May 6, 2011•47 citations

Probabilistic cloning and deleting of quantum states

Yuan Feng, Shengyu Zhang, Mingsheng Ying

We construct a probabilistic cloning and deleting machine which, taking several copies of an input quantum state, can output a linear superposition of multiple cloning and deleting states. Since the machine can perform cloning and deleting in a single unitary evolution, the probabilistic cloning and other cloning machines proposed in the previous literature can be thought of as special cases of our machine. A sufficient and necessary condition for successful cloning and deleting is presented, and it requires that the copies of an arbitrarily presumed number of the input states are linearly independent. This simply generalizes some results for cloning. We also derive an upper bound for the success probability of the cloning and deleting machine.

Physical Review A•Apr 10, 2002•13 citations

Quantum logic networks for cloning a quantum state near a given state

Y. H. Zhou

Two quantum logic networks are proposed to simulate a cloning machine that copies the states near a given one. Probabilistic cloning based on the first network is realized and the cloning probability of success based on the second network is 100%. Therefore, the second network is more motivative than the first one.

Chinese Physics B•Aug 1, 2011•5 citations
Probabilistic quantum cloning and identifying machines can be constructed via unitary-reduction processes [Duan and Guo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4999 (1998)]. Given the cloning (identifying) probabilities, we derive an explicit representation of the unitary evolution and corresponding Hamiltonian to realize probabilistic cloning (identification). The logic networks are obtained by decomposing the unitary representation into universal quantum logic operations. The robustness of the networks is also discussed. Our method is suitable for a k-partite system, such as quantum computer, and may be generalized to general state-dependent cloning and identification.
Although the existence of unitary evolution for probabilistic identification and clone of quantum states has been demonstrated, the concrete form is undeveloped. In this paper, we first derived unitary evolution matrixes with the given probability for nnn-state identification. On the base of the work, the corresponding Hamiltonian was illustrated in detail. To some generalization, we found unitary representations and Hamiltonians of NNN probabilistic clones given MMM initial exact copies using the similar method. And the probabilistic identification given MMM initial copies come out the result in the similar way. For the specialization of quantum computer, the evolution of probabilistic identification and clone in 2n2^n2n-dimension quantum system is successfully derived and we realize it with the universal quantum logic gates.
We realize the probabilistic cloning and identifying linear independent quantum states of multi-particles system, given prior probability, with universal quantum logic gates using the method of unitary representation. Our result is universal for separate state and entanglement. We also provide the realization in the condition given MMM initial copies for each state.
We construct a probabilistic quantum cloning machine by a general unitary-reduction operation. With a postselection of the measurement results, the machine yields faithful copies of the input states. It is shown that the states secretly chosen from a certain set $S\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{1}〉,|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{2}〉,\dots{},|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{n}〉}$ can be probabilistically cloned if and only if $|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{1}〉,|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{2}〉,\dots{},\mathrm{and}|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{n}〉$ are linearly independent. We derive the best possible cloning efficiencies. Probabilistic cloning has a close connection with the problem of identification of a set of states, which is a type of n+1n+1n+1 outcome measurement on nnn linearly independent states. The optimal efficiencies for this type of measurement are obtained.
The method of quantum cloning is divided into two main categories: approximate and probabilistic quantum cloning. The former method is used to approximate an unknown quantum state deterministically, and the latter can be used to faithfully copy the state probabilistically. Thus far, many approximate cloning machines have been experimentally demonstrated, but probabilistic cloning remains an experimental challenge, as it requires more complicated networks and a higher level of precision control. In this work, we design an efficient quantum network with a limited amount of resources and perform the first experimental demonstration of probabilistic quantum cloning in a NMR quantum computer. In our experiment, the optimal cloning efficiency proposed by Duan and Guo [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4999 (1998)] is achieved.
We construct a probabilistic cloning and deleting machine which, taking several copies of an input quantum state, can output a linear superposition of multiple cloning and deleting states. Since the machine can perform cloning and deleting in a single unitary evolution, the probabilistic cloning and other cloning machines proposed in the previous literature can be thought of as special cases of our machine. A sufficient and necessary condition for successful cloning and deleting is presented, and it requires that the copies of an arbitrarily presumed number of the input states are linearly independent. This simply generalizes some results for cloning. We also derive an upper bound for the success probability of the cloning and deleting machine.