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arXiv:quant-ph/9906069 · Laser Physics

Natural capacity of a system of two two-level atoms as a quantum information channel

B. A. Grishanin, Victor N. Zadkov

Published Jun 18, 1999• 1 citation
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Abstract

A system of two closely spaced atoms interacting through a vacuum electromagnetic field is considered. It is demonstrated that radiative decay in such a system resulting from photon exchange gives rise to a definite amount of information related to interatomic communication. Joint distributions of detection probabilities of atomic quanta and the corresponding amount of communication information are calculated.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/9906069

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A system of two closely spaced atoms interacting through a vacuum electromagnetic field is considered. It is demonstrated that radiative decay in such a system resulting from photon exchange gives rise to a definite amount of information related to interatomic communication. Joint distributions of detection probabilities of atomic quanta and the corresponding amount of communication information are calculated.
A set of very important simple quantum systems is analyzed from the standpoint of the amount of coherent information that is accessible when information channels corresponding to the systems are used. It is shown that for simple quantum models the coherent information can be calculated and used for estimating the potential possibilities of the corresponding quantum channel as a source of physical information in experiments associated with the effects of the coherence of quantum states. The following physical models are studied: a two-level atom in a laser radiation field, an aggregate of two two-level subsystems in a multilevel atom (hydrogen), a system of two two-level atoms in the process of joint quantum-deterministic evolution and under the action of transformations of quantum measurement and quantum duplication, as well as one and two two-level atoms in the process of emission.
The coherent-information concept is used to analyze a variety of simple quantum systems. Coherent information was calculated for the information decay in a two-level atom in the presence of an external resonant field, for the information exchange between two coupled two-level atoms, and for the information transfer from a two-level atom to another atom and to a photon field. The coherent information is shown to be equal to zero for all full-measurement procedures, but it completely retains its original value for quantum duplication. Transmission of information from one open subsystem to another one in the entire closed system is analyzed to learn quantum information about the forbidden atomic transition via a dipole active transition of the same atom. It is argued that coherent information can be used effectively to quantify the information channels in physical systems where quantum coherence plays an important role.
The coherent information concept is used to analyze a variety of simple quantum systems. Coherent information was calculated for the information decay in a two-level atom in the presence of an external resonant field, for the information exchange between two coupled two-level atoms, and for the information transfer from a two-level atom to another atom and to a photon field. The coherent information is shown to be equal to zero for all full-measurement procedures, but it completely retains its original value for quantum duplication. Transmission of information from one open subsystem to another one in the entire closed system is analyzed to learn quantum information about the forbidden atomic transition via a dipole active transition of the same atom. It is argued that coherent information can be used effectively to quantify the information channels in physical systems where quantum coherence plays an important role.
We consider a communication system consisting of an information source of electromagnetic radiation. It is assumed that the information source radiates an electromagnetic signal with an average power S, and the signal propagated through the electromagnetic channel is assumed to be perturbed by additive thermal noise at temperature T. For simplicity, we assume that the electromagnetic signal is one-dimensional (i.e., the photon fluctuation is restricted to only one polarized state), in which the propagation occurs in the same direction of the wave vectors. It is emphasized that the corresponding occupation number of the quantum levels can be fully described. Obviously, these occupation quantum levels correspond to the microsignal structure of the information source. It is therefore assumed that these occupation numbers can be uniquely determined for those representing an input signal ensemble. We further assume that an ideal receiver (an ideal photon counter) is used at the output end of the channel. That is, the receiver is able to detect the specified frequencies of the electromagnetic signal. It is also emphasized that in practice the interaction of the electromagnetic signal and the detector are strictly statistical, that is, a certain amount of information loss is expected at the output end of the receiver. The idealized model of the receiver we have proposed mainly simplifies the method by which the quantum effect on the communication channel can be easily calculated.
The feasibility of resonance transfer of quantum information from one double-level atom to another that is at an arbitrary distance from the former one has been proved. Symmetric and antisymmetric combinations of the wave functions of individual atoms are considered. When taking into account the interatomic dipole-dipole interaction, a certain energy corresponds to each wave function. A solution has been found to a system of equations for the amplitudes of the probability that a resonance photon will be absorbed by one of the system atoms. Three types of solution to the system of equations have been investigated for the resonance and nonresonance absorption of photons and different interatomic distances. It has been shown that when atoms are at an infinite distance from one another, so that there is no dipole-dipole interaction of atoms, quantum information can be transferred from one atom to another via the quantum teleportation channel.