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arXiv:quant-ph/9806041 · Physical Review Letters

Fermion-Boson Duality of One-Dimensional Quantum Particles with Generalized Contact Interactions

Taksu Cheon, Takaomi Shigehara

Published Mar 22, 1999• 221 citations
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Abstract

For a system of spinless one-dimensional fermions, the nonvanishing short-range limit of a two-body interaction is shown to induce the wave-function discontinuity. We prove the equivalence of this fermionic system and the bosonic particle system with a two-body $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function interaction with the reversed role of strong and weak couplings.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.82.2536

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For a system of spinless one-dimensional fermions, the nonvanishing short-range limit of a two-body interaction is shown to induce the wave-function discontinuity. We prove the equivalence of this fermionic system and the bosonic particle system with a two-body \ensuremathδ\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremathδ-function interaction with the reversed role of strong and weak couplings.
We study boson–fermion dualities in one-dimensional many-body problems of identical particles interacting only through two-body contacts. By using the path-integral formalism as well as the configuration-space approach to indistinguishable particles, we find a generalization of the boson–fermion duality between the Lieb–Liniger model and the Cheon–Shigehara model. We present an explicit construction of n-boson and n-fermion models which are dual to each other and characterized by n−1 distinct (coordinate-dependent) coupling constants. These models enjoy the spectral equivalence, the boson–fermion mapping, and the strong–weak duality. We also discuss a scale-invariant generalization of the boson–fermion duality.
By extending local U(1) gauge symmetry to discontinuous case, we find that under one special discontinuous U(1) gauge transformation the symmetric and antisymmetric wave functions can transform into each other in one dimensional quantum mechanics. The free spinless fermionic system and bosonic system with δδδ-type vector gauge potential are proved to be equivalent. The relation also holds in higher space-time dimensions.
In one-dimensional quantum gases there is a well known "duality" between hard core bosons and noninteracting fermions. However, at the field theory level, no exact duality connecting strongly interacting bosons to weakly interacting fermions is known. Here we propose a solution to this long-standing problem. Our derivation relies on regularizing the only pointlike interaction between fermions in one dimension that induces a discontinuity in the wave function proportional to its derivative. In contrast to all known regularizations our potential is weak for small interaction strengths. Crucially, this allows one to apply standard methods of diagrammatic perturbation theory to strongly interacting bosons. As a first application we compute the finite temperature spectral function of the Cheon-Shigehara model, the fermionic model dual to the celebrated Lieb-Liniger model.
One-dimensional quantum systems admit duality relations that put hard-core spinless bosons and fermions in one-to-one correspondence via Girardeau's mapping theorem. The simplest models of soft bosons interacting via zero-range potentials can also be mapped onto dual interacting fermions. However, a systematic approach to one-dimensional statistical transmutation for arbitrary low-energy interactions in the spinless and spinful or multicomponent cases has remained elusive. I develop a general theory of local unitary transformations between one-dimensional quantum systems of bosons and fermions with arbitrary spin or internal structure, single-particle dispersion---including nonrelativistic, relativistic, or otherwise---and low-energy interactions in the universal regime. These transformations generate families of duality relations and models that relate the strong- and weak-coupling limits of the respective dual theories.
In one dimensional quantum gases there is a well known between hard core bosons and non-interacting fermions. However, at the field theory level, no exact duality connecting strongly interacting bosons to weakly interacting fermions is known. Here we propose a solution to this long standing problem. Our derivation relies on regularizing the only point-like interaction between fermions in 1D that induces a discontinuity in the wave function proportional to its derivative. In contrast to all known regularisations our potential is weak for small interaction strengths. Crucially, this allows one to apply standard methods of diagrammatic perturbation theory to strongly interacting bosons. As a first application we compute the finite temperature spectral function of the Cheon-Shigehara model, the fermionic model dual to the celebrated Lieb-Liniger model.
We investigate the boson–fermion duality relation for the case of quantum integrable derivative δ-function Bose gas. In particular, we find a dual fermionic system with nonvanishing zero-range interaction for the simplest case of two bosonic particles with derivative δ-function interaction. The coupling constant of this dual fermionic system becomes inversely proportional to the product of the coupling constant of its bosonic counterpart and the center-of-mass momentum of the corresponding eigenfunction.