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arXiv:quant-ph/9711049 · Physical Review Letters

Error Correction for Continuous Quantum Variables

Samuel L. Braunstein

Published May 4, 1998• 205 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose an error correction coding algorithm for continuous quantum variables. We use this algorithm to construct a highly efficient 5-wave-packet code which can correct arbitrary single wave-packet errors. We show that this class of continuous variable codes is robust against imprecision in the error syndromes. A potential implementation of the scheme is presented.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.80.4084

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We propose an error correction coding algorithm for continuous quantum variables. We use this algorithm to construct a highly efficient 5-wave-packet code which can correct arbitrary single wave-packet errors. We show that this class of continuous variable codes is robust against imprecision in the error syndromes. A potential implementation of the scheme is presented.
We demonstrate that continuous-variable quantum error correction based on Gaussian ancilla states and Gaussian operations (for encoding, syndrome extraction, and recovery) can be very useful to suppress the effect of non-Gaussian error channels. For a certain class of stochastic error models, reminiscent of those typically considered in the qubit case, quantum error correction codes designed for single-channel errors may enhance the transfer fidelities even when errors occur in every channel employed for transmitting the encoded state. In fact, in this case, the error-correcting capability of the continuous-variable scheme turns out to be higher than that of its discrete-variable analogues.
Quantum error correction protects the quantum state against noise and decoherence in quantum communication and quantum computation, which enables one to perform fault-torrent quantum information processing. We experimentally demonstrate a quantum error correction scheme with a five-wave-packet code against a single stochastic error, the original theoretical model of which was firstly proposed by S. L. Braunstein and T. A. Walker. Five submodes of a continuous variable cluster entangled state of light are used for five encoding channels. Especially, in our encoding scheme the information of the input state is only distributed on three of the five channels and thus any error appearing in the remained two channels never affects the output state, i.e. the output quantum state is immune from the error in the two channels. The stochastic error on a single channel is corrected for both vacuum and squeezed input states and the achieved fidelities of the output states are beyond the corresponding classical limit.
We propose a scheme for quantum error correction using robust continuous variable probe modes, rather than fragile ancilla qubits, to detect errors without destroying data qubits. The use of such probe modes reduces the required number of expensive qubits in error correction and allows efficient encoding, error detection, and error correction. Moreover, the elimination of the need for direct qubit interactions significantly simplifies the construction of quantum circuits. We will illustrate how the approach implements three existing quantum error correcting codes: the three-qubit bit-flip (phase-flip) code, the Shor code, and an erasure code.
In this article we outline a method for generating linear optics circuits that encode quantum-error-correcting codes. Using this method we produce a single-error-correcting code encoding one wave packet over five which can be implemented using linear optics and feed-forward correction. This code improves on the capacity of the best known code that can be implemented using linear optics and saturates the lower bound for the number of carriers needed for a single-error-correcting code. Our code can correct arbitrary single errors that occur randomly on each wave packet corresponding to a non-Gaussian error model, thus circumventing the so-called no-go theorem for Gaussian quantum-error correction.
Robust continuous-variable (CV) quantum information processing requires correcting realistic errors in bosonic systems, but all existing schemes rely on auxiliary Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states which the preparation and operation are demanding in many platforms. In this work, we propose a novel CV quantum error correction (QEC) scheme that utilizes a broadly accessible resource: discrete-variable (DV) ancilla. Our scheme extracts information about CV displacement to the DV ancilla, measuring that allows counteracting the unwanted displacement error. We show that a simple single-qubit ancilla can already suppress CV infidelity by more than 20%. By concatenating with DV QEC codes, our scheme is robust against the physical errors in hybrid CV-DV systems, and yields a new class of oscillator-in-oscillator code that does not involve GKP states. Our work facilitates the implementation of CV QEC on realistic platforms.