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arXiv:quant-ph/9701009 · Physical Review A

Loss-error compensation in quantum-state measurements

Giacomo Mauro D’Ariano, Chiara Macchiavello

Published Apr 1, 1998• 32 citations
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Abstract

In the two papers [T. Kiss, U. Herzog, and U. Leonhardt, Phys. Rev. A 52, 2433 (1995); U. Herzog, Phys. Rev. A 53, 1245 (1996)] with titles similar to the one given above, the authors assert that in some cases it is possible to compensate a quantum efficiency $\ensuremath{\eta}<~1/2$ in quantum-state measurements, violating the lower bound $1/2$ proved in a preceding paper [G. M. D'Ariano, U. Leonhardt, and H. Paul, Phys. Rev. A 52, R1801 (1995)]. Here we reestablish the bound for homodyning any quantum state, and show how the proposed loss-compensation method would fail in a real measurement outside the $\ensuremath{\eta}>1/2$ regime.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.57.3131

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In the two papers [T. Kiss, U. Herzog, and U. Leonhardt, Phys. Rev. A 52, 2433 (1995); U. Herzog, Phys. Rev. A 53, 1245 (1996)] with titles similar to the one given above, the authors assert that in some cases it is possible to compensate a quantum efficiency \ensuremathη< 1/2\ensuremath{\eta}<~1/2\ensuremathη< 1/2 in quantum-state measurements, violating the lower bound 1/21/21/2 proved in a preceding paper [G. M. D'Ariano, U. Leonhardt, and H. Paul, Phys. Rev. A 52, R1801 (1995)]. Here we reestablish the bound for homodyning any quantum state, and show how the proposed loss-compensation method would fail in a real measurement outside the \ensuremathη>1/2\ensuremath{\eta}>1/2\ensuremathη>1/2 regime.
The authors of the preceding Comment [G. M. D'Ariano and C. Macchiavello, preceding paper, Phys. Rev. A 57, 3131 (1998)] tried to reestablish a 0.50.50.5 efficiency bound for loss compensation in optical homodyne tomography. In our reply we demonstrate that neither does such a rigorous bound exist nor is the bound required for ruling out the state reconstruction of an individual system [G. M. D'Ariano and H. P. Yuen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2832 (1996)].
Based on our previous publication [U. Herzog and J. A. Bergou, Phys. Rev. A 71 , 050301(R)(2005)] we investigate the optimum measurement for the unambiguous discrimination of two mixed quantum states that occur with given prior probabilities. Unambiguous discrimination of nonorthogonal states is possible in a probabilistic way, at the expense of a nonzero probability of inconclusive results, where the measurement fails. Along with a discussion of the general problem, we give an example illustrating our method of solution. We also provide general inequalities for the minimum achievable failure probability and discuss in more detail the necessary conditions that must be fulfilled when its absolute lower bound, proportional to the fidelity of the states, can be reached.
Based on our previous publication [U. Herzog and J. A. Bergou, Phys.Rev. A 71, 050301(R) (2005)] we investigate the optimum measurement for the unambiguous discrimination of two mixed quantum states that occur with given prior probabilities. Unambiguous discrimination of nonorthogonal states is possible in a probabilistic way, at the expense of a nonzero probability of inconclusive results, where the measurement fails. Along with a discussion of the general problem, we give an example illustrating our method of solution. We also provide general inequalities for the minimum achievable failure probability and discuss in more detail the necessary conditions that must be fulfilled when its absolute lower bound, proportional to the fidelity of the states, can be reached.