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arXiv:quant-ph/9611006 · Springer eBooks

Entanglement-Enhanced Classical Communication on a Noisy Quantum Channel

Charles H. Bennett, Christopher A. Fuchs, John A. Smolin

Published Jan 1, 1997• 75 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4615-5923-8_9

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We present a formal quantum mechanical analysis of the communication protocol of Prevedel {\it et al.}\ [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{106}, 110505 (2011)], in which entanglement shared by sender and receiver is used to enhance, beyond that achievable via the optimal classical strategy, the probability of successful transmission of a bit through a particular noisy classical channel N{\cal N}N. We provide a full analysis of this protocol when the shared entanglement resides in a two-qubit system. Our analysis shows the measurement choices specified by the protocol yield the maximum possible enhancement of the probability of successful communication of the bit with one use of the channel N{\cal N}N. We determine that shared entanglement residing in a two-qudit system with d>2d > 2d>2 cannot provide enhancement beyond that produced by entangled qubits. Finally, we show how the protocol should be extended when probability parameters for the channel N{\cal N}N are allowed to vary.
We present and experimentally demonstrate a communication protocol that employs shared entanglement to reduce errors when sending a bit over a particular noisy classical channel. Specifically, it is shown that given a single use of this channel, one can transmit a bit with higher success probability when the sender and receiver share entanglement compared to the best possible strategy when they do not. The experiment is realized using polarization-entangled photon pairs, whose quantum correlations play a critical role in both the encoding and decoding of the classical message. Experimentally, we find that a bit can be successfully transmitted with probability 0.891±0.002, which is close to the theoretical maximum of (2+2(-1/2))/3≈0.902 and is significantly above the optimal classical strategy, which yields 5/6≈0.833.