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arXiv:quant-ph/9610003 · Foundations of Physics

Atomic quantum zeno effect for ensembles and single systems

Almut Beige, Gerhard C. Hegerfeldt, Dirk G. Sondermann

Published Dec 1, 1997• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/bf02551444

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Rydberg-atom phase-sensitive detection and the quantum Zeno effect

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We present a scheme for experimentally observing the quantum Zeno effect using the quantum-nondemolition measurement recently proposed by Brune et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 976 (1990)]. The Zeno effect refers to the freezing of the (unitary) free dynamics of a system by rapid measurements. We generalize the Zeno effect to be any change in the survival probability of an initial state induced by very rapid measurements, when such measurements are the dominant source of fluctuations in the system. We derive a master equation for the evolution of a cavity mode when the photon number is monitored by this method. This equation describes a phase-diffusion process. We propose that this measurement scheme be used to monitor the exchange of a single photon between the cavity and a single Rydberg atom. We show that for very rapid monitoring the free oscillation of the atomic inversion is disrupted and the atom can be trapped close to the initial excited state. This is the quantum Zeno effect.

Physical Review A•Aug 1, 1992•20 citations
The quantum Zeno effect (QZE) predicts a slow-down of the time development of a system under rapidly repeated ideal measurements, and experimentally this was tested for an ensemble of atoms using short laser pulses for non-selective state measurements. Here we consider such pulses for selective measurements on a single system. Each probe pulse will cause a burst of fluorescence or no fluorescence. If the probe pulses were strictly ideal measurements, the QZE would predict periods of fluorescence bursts alternating with periods of no fluorescence (light and dark periods) which would become longer and longer with increasing frequency of the measurements. The non-ideal character of the measurements is taken into account by incorporating the laser pulses in the interaction, and this is used to determine the corrections to the ideal case. In the limit, when the time, , between the laser pulses goes to zero, no freezing occurs but instead we show convergence to the familiar macroscopic light and dark periods of the continuously driven Dehmelt system. An experiment of this type should be feasible for a single atom or ion in a trap.
The quantum Zeno effect (QZE) predicts a slow-down of the time development of a system under rapidly repeated ideal measurements, and experimentally this was tested for an ensemble of atoms using short laser pulses for non-selective state measurements. Here we consider such pulses for selective measurements on a single system. Each probe pulse will cause a burst of fluorescence or no fluorescence. If the probe pulses were strictly ideal measurements, the QZE would predict periods of fluorescence bursts alternating with periods of no fluorescence (light and dark periods) which would become longer and longer with increasing frequency of the measurements. The non-ideal character of the measurements is taken into account by incorporating the laser pulses in the interaction, and this is used to determine the corrections to the ideal case. In the limit, when the time between the laser pulses goes to zero, no freezing occurs but instead we show convergence to the familiar macroscopic light and dark periods of the continuously driven Dehmelt system. An experiment of this type should be feasible for a single atom or ion in a trap
We present a scheme for experimentally observing the quantum Zeno effect using the quantum-nondemolition measurement recently proposed by Brune et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 976 (1990)]. The Zeno effect refers to the freezing of the (unitary) free dynamics of a system by rapid measurements. We generalize the Zeno effect to be any change in the survival probability of an initial state induced by very rapid measurements, when such measurements are the dominant source of fluctuations in the system. We derive a master equation for the evolution of a cavity mode when the photon number is monitored by this method. This equation describes a phase-diffusion process. We propose that this measurement scheme be used to monitor the exchange of a single photon between the cavity and a single Rydberg atom. We show that for very rapid monitoring the free oscillation of the atomic inversion is disrupted and the atom can be trapped close to the initial excited state. This is the quantum Zeno effect.