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arXiv:quant-ph/9509018 · AIP conference proceedings

Introduction to quantum optics

Vladimir I. Man’ko

Published Jan 1, 1996• 30 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The theory of quantum propagator and time‐dependent integrals of motion in quantum optics is reviewed as well as the properties of the Wigner function, Q‐function, and coherent state representation. Propagators and wave functions of the free particle, the harmonic oscillator, and the oscillator with varying frequency are studied using time‐dependent integrals of motion linear in position and momentum. Such nonclassical states of light (of quantum systems) as squeezed states, correlated states, even and odd coherent states (Schrödinger cat states) are considered. Photon distribution functions of Schrödinger cat male and female states are given, and the photon distribution function of squeezed vacuum is derived using the theory of the oscillator with varying parameters. Properties of multivariable Hermite polynomials used for the description of the multimode squeezed and correlated light and polymode Schrödinger cats are studied.

DOI
10.1063/1.50228

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The theory of quantum propagator and time‐dependent integrals of motion in quantum optics is reviewed as well as the properties of the Wigner function, Q‐function, and coherent state representation. Propagators and wave functions of the free particle, the harmonic oscillator, and the oscillator with varying frequency are studied using time‐dependent integrals of motion linear in position and momentum. Such nonclassical states of light (of quantum systems) as squeezed states, correlated states, even and odd coherent states (Schrödinger cat states) are considered. Photon distribution functions of Schrödinger cat male and female states are given, and the photon distribution function of squeezed vacuum is derived using the theory of the oscillator with varying parameters. Properties of multivariable Hermite polynomials used for the description of the multimode squeezed and correlated light and polymode Schrödinger cats are studied.
The primary aim of the present paper is to attract the attention of particle physicists to new developments in studying squeezed and correlated states of the electromagnetic field as well as of those working on the latest topic to new findings about multiplicity distributions in quantum chromodynamics. The new types of nonclassical states used in quantum optics as squeezed states, correlated states, even and odd coherent states (Schrödinger cat states) for one--mode and multimode interaction are reviewed. Their distribution functions are analyzed according to the method used first for multiplicity distributions in high energy particle interactions. The phenomenon of oscillations of particle distribution functions of the squeezed fields is described and confronted to the phenomenon of oscillations of cumulant moments of some distributions for squeezed and correlated field states. Possible extension of the method to fields different from the electromagnetic field (gluons, pions, etc.) is speculated.
The two-mode even and odd coherent Schrödinger cat states are introduced for the generalized stationary and non-stationary harmonic oscillator. The expected values of positions and momenta and their dispersion matrices are calculated for the Schrödinger cat states. The quadrature squeezing and correlation phenomenon are studied and the Wigner and Husimi functions are constructed explicitly for these states. The photon statistics of the two-mode even and odd coherent states of the generalized oscillator is described in terms of the photon distribution function, which is expressed in terms of Hermite polynomials. The photon number, means and dispersions show oscillations which are characteristics of squeezing and correlation phenomenon.
The multimode even and odd coherent states (multimode Schr\"odinger cat states) are constructed for polymode parametric oscillators of the electromagnetic field. The evolution of the photon distribution function is evaluated explicitly. The distribution function is expressed in terms of multivariable Hermite polynomials; the means and dispersions of the function are calculated. The conditions for the existence of squeezing are formulated. The correlations between the different modes of the Schr\"odinger cat states are studied. The transformation of the initial Schr\"odinger cat states under the action of a resonant external force is investigated.