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arXiv:quant-ph/0701074 · Physical Review A

Continuous-variable entanglement sharing in noninertial frames

Gerardo Adesso, Ivette Fuentes, Marie Ericsson

Published Dec 27, 2007• 159 citations
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Abstract

We study the distribution of entanglement between modes of a free scalar field from the perspective of observers in uniform acceleration. We consider a two-mode squeezed state of the field from an inertial perspective, and analytically study the degradation of entanglement due to the Unruh effect, in the cases of either one or both observers undergoing uniform acceleration. We find that, for two observers undergoing finite acceleration, the entanglement vanishes between the lowest-frequency modes. The loss of entanglement is precisely explained as a redistribution of the inertial entanglement into multipartite quantum correlations among accessible and inaccessible modes from a noninertial perspective. We show that classical correlations are also lost from the perspective of two accelerated observers but conserved if one of the observers remains inertial.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.76.062112

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We study the distribution of entanglement between modes of a free scalar field from the perspective of observers in uniform acceleration. We consider a two-mode squeezed state of the field from an inertial perspective, and analytically study the degradation of entanglement due to the Unruh effect, in the cases of either one or both observers undergoing uniform acceleration. We find that, for two observers undergoing finite acceleration, the entanglement vanishes between the lowest-frequency modes. The loss of entanglement is precisely explained as a redistribution of the inertial entanglement into multipartite quantum correlations among accessible and inaccessible modes from a noninertial perspective. We show that classical correlations are also lost from the perspective of two accelerated observers but conserved if one of the observers remains inertial.
We investigate the redistribution of continuous-variable Gaussian quantum discord under the Unruh effect for both one and two uniformly accelerated observers. The discord shared between the inertial mode and the accessible accelerated mode, as well as that between the two accessible accelerated modes, decays monotonically with acceleration and vanishes in the limit a→∞a\to\inftya→∞, while the Unruh effect generates discord in all causally disconnected Rindler mode pairs. The initial quantum correlation is therefore redistributed across Rindler partitions rather than destroyed. We further characterize how the squeezing parameter sss and field frequency ωωω control the discord in different mode-pair classes. For causally connected pairs, sss and ωωω exert comparable, interchangeable effects; for cross-region pairs, the squeezing parameter dominates; and for intra-observer cross-region pairs, the field frequency is more influential. In the two-observer case, the AIIA_{II}AII​-BIIB_{II}BII​ pair exhibits non-monotonic behavior with a peak whose position shifts to larger aaa as ωωω increases, and both parameters contribute only weakly except near an optimal ωs\fracω{s}sω​ ratio.
Two observers determine the entanglement between two free bosonic modes by each detecting one of the modes and observing the correlations between their measurements. We show that a state which is maximally entangled in an inertial frame becomes less entangled if the observers are relatively accelerated. This phenomenon, which is a consequence of the Unruh effect, shows that entanglement is an observer-dependent quantity in noninertial frames. In the high acceleration limit, our results can be applied to a nonaccelerated observer falling into a black hole while the accelerated one barely escapes. If the observer escapes with infinite acceleration, the state's distillable entanglement vanishes.
We calculate the quantum discord between two free modes of a scalar field, which start in a maximally entangled state and then undergo a relative constant acceleration. In a regime where there is no distillable entanglement due to the Unruh effect, we show that there is a finite amount of quantum discord, which is a measure of purely quantum correlations in a state over and above quantum entanglement. Even in the limit of infinite acceleration of the observer detecting one of the modes, we provide evidence for a nonzero amount of purely quantum correlations. We discuss our result in the context of secure quantum communications involving eavesdroppers in noninertial frames.
A uniformly accelerated observer perceives the Minkowski vacuum as a thermal bath, so acceleration acts as a noise channel on correlations shared with an inertial partner. For a Dirac field in the standard treatment, the resulting map is a one-sided amplitude-damping channel, and entanglement and quantum discord survive at infinite acceleration. We introduce a symmetric Unruh-like map in which the vacuum and the one-particle state both exchange amplitude with the inaccessible Rindler region; for a Bell state it yields a bit-flip channel whose flip probability is the Fermi-Dirac occupation at the Unruh temperature. Using negativity, mutual information, and all six pairwise quantum discords, we find that the entanglement and discord between the inertial observer and the accessible mode vanish together at infinite acceleration, leaving only one bit of classical correlation. These results show that the fate of quantum correlations in noninertial frames depends on the structure of the Minkowski-Rindler map.
We analyze the entanglement between two modes of a free Dirac field as seen by two relatively accelerated parties. The entanglement is degraded by the Unruh effect and asymptotically reaches a nonvanishing minimum value in the infinite acceleration limit. This means that the state always remains entangled to a degree and can be used in quantum information tasks, such as teleportation, between parties in relative uniform acceleration. We analyze our results from the point of view afforded by the phenomenon of entanglement sharing and in terms of recent results in the area of multiqubit complementarity.