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arXiv:quant-ph/0609215 · Physical Review Letters

Quantum Interference of Electromagnetic Fields from Remote Quantum Memories

T. Chanelière, Dzmitry Matsukevich, S. D. Jenkins, Shau-Yu Lan, Ran Zhao, T. A. B. Kennedy, A. Kuzmich

Published Mar 16, 2007• 53 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We observe quantum, Hong-Ou-Mandel, interference of fields produced by two remote atomic memories. High-visibility interference is obtained by utilizing the finite atomic memory time in four-photon delayed coincidence measurements. Interference of fields from remote atomic memories is a crucial element in protocols for scalable entanglement distribution.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.98.113602

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We observe quantum, Hong-Ou-Mandel, interference of fields produced by two remote atomic memories. High-visibility interference is obtained by utilizing the finite atomic memory time in four-photon delayed coincidence measurements. Interference of fields from remote atomic memories is a crucial element in protocols for scalable entanglement distribution.
First generation quantum repeater networks require independent quantum memories capable of storing and retrieving indistinguishable photons to perform quantum-interference-mediated high-repetition entanglement swapping operations. The ability to perform these coherent operations at room temperature is of prime importance in order to realize large scalable quantum networks. Here we address these significant challenges by observing Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between indistinguishable photons carrying polarization qubits retrieved from two independent room-temperature quantum memories. Our elementary quantum network configuration includes: (i) two independent sources generating polarization-encoded qubits; (ii) two atomic-vapor dual-rail quantum memories; and (iii) a HOM interference node. We obtained interference visibilities after quantum memory retrieval of V=(41.9±2.0)%\rm \boldsymbol{V=(41.9\pm2.0)\%}V=(41.9±2.0)% for few-photon level inputs and V=(25.9±2.5)%\rm \boldsymbol{V=(25.9\pm2.5)\%}V=(25.9±2.5)% for single-photon level inputs. Our prototype network lays the groundwork for future large-scale memory-assisted quantum cryptography and distributed quantum networks.
To realize a large-scale quantum network, both quantum memory and the interference of retrieved indistinguishable photons are essentially required to perform multi-photon synchronization and quantum-interference-mediated entanglement swapping. Significant progress has been achieved in low-temperature and well-isolated systems. However, linking independent quantum memories at room temperature remain challenging. Here, we present an experimental demonstration of Hong–Ou–Mandel interference between single photons from two independent room-temperature quantum memories. We manage to simultaneously operate two such quantum memories and individually obtain a memory-built-in quantum correlation of Stokes and anti-Stokes photons by a far-off-resonance Duan–Lukin–Cirac–Zoller protocol. We also successfully enhance the Hong–Ou–Mandel interference rate up to about 15 times by increasing each photon rate, which is achieved by coordinating two quantum memories with a repeat-until-success fashion. We observe the visibility of quantum interference up to 75.0% without reduction of any background noise, well exceeding the classical limit of 50%. Our results, together with its straightforward, broadband, and room-temperature features, open up a promising way towards realizing large-scale quantum networks at ambient conditions.
Quantum repeater networks require independent quantum memories capable of storing and retrieving indistinguishable photons to perform high-repetition entanglement swapping operations. The ability to perform these coherent operations at room temperature is of prime importance to the realization of scalable quantum networks. We perform Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between photonic polarization qubits stored and retrieved from two sets of independent room-temperature quantum memories. We show a steady improvement in memory parameters and visibilities, culminating in a high quantum memory HOM visibility of 43%, compared to the 48% no-memory limit of our set-up. These results lay the groundwork for future applications using large-scale memory-assisted quantum networks.
Hong-Ou-Mandel interference underpins many photonic quantum information protocols and is commonly characterized by a single visibility parameter. This quantity is typically obtained by averaging over a fixed coincidence window, thereby discarding details of the underlying temporal structure that are critical in continuous-wave processes. Four-photon interference with continuous-wave sources furthermore requires photon pairs with long coherence times, which we generate in microring resonators and measure with ultrafast time-resolved detection. Here, we model and resolve their interference and temporal structure by recording all four photon arrival times and mapping their relative delays onto a three-dimensional coincidence histogram relative to a trigger detection. The resulting structure preserves relative arrival-time correlations that are usually discarded and enables post-processed optimization of coincidence windows to trade off visibility against count rate. This method provides a general benchmark for continuous-wave sources in interference-based quantum network protocols.