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arXiv:quant-ph/0607083 · Physical Review A

Generation of entangled photon holes using quantum interference

T. B. Pittman, J. D. Franson

Published Oct 4, 2006• 17 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In addition to photon pairs entangled in polarization or other variables, quantum mechanics also allows optical beams that are entangled through the absence of the photons themselves. These correlated absences, or ``entangled photon holes,'' can lead to counterintuitive nonlocal effects analogous to those of the more familiar entangled photon pairs. Here we report an experimental observation of photon holes generated using quantum interference effects to suppress the probability that two photons in a weak laser pulse will separate at an optical beam splitter.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.74.041801

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In addition to photon pairs entangled in polarization or other variables, quantum mechanics also allows optical beams that are entangled through the absence of the photons themselves. These correlated absences, or ``entangled photon holes,'' can lead to counterintuitive nonlocal effects analogous to those of the more familiar entangled photon pairs. Here we report an experimental observation of photon holes generated using quantum interference effects to suppress the probability that two photons in a weak laser pulse will separate at an optical beam splitter.
We report a two-photon interference effect, in which the entangled photon pairs are generated from two laser pulses well-separated in time. In a single pump pulse case, interference effects did not occur in our experimental scheme. However, by introducing a second pump pulse delayed in time, quantum interference was then observed. The visibility of the interference fringes shows a dependence on the delay time between two laser pulses. The results are explained in terms of indistinguishability of biphoton amplitudes which originates from two temporally separated laser pulses.
We report a two-photon interference effect, in which the entangled photon pairs are generated from two laser pulses well separated in time. In a single pump pulse case, interference effects did not occur in our experimental scheme. However, by introducing a second pump pulse delayed in time, quantum interference was then observed. The visibility of the interference fringes shows a dependence on the delay time between two laser pulses. The results are explained in terms of indistinguishability of biphoton amplitudes that originates from two temporally separated laser pulses.
We report a two-photon interference effect, in which the entangled photon pairs are generated from two laser pulses well-separated in time. In a single pump pulse case, interference effects did not occur in our experimental scheme. However, by introducing a second pump pulse delayed in time, quantum interference was then observed. The visibility of the interference fringes shows a dependence on the delay time between two laser pulses. The results are explained in terms of indistinguishability of biphoton amplitudes which originates from two temporally separated laser pulses.
Multi-photon interference can be observed using independently generated photons as input. In the most simple case, these photons meet up at a beam splitter, resulting in quantum interference between transmission and reflection of the photons. Here, we show that non-local multi-photon interference can be implemented by using a mode swap operation to generate entanglement between the photons detected in the outputs of two spatially separated interferometers. The spatial separation of the output photons makes this implementation of multi-photon interference particularly suitable for quantum protocols that distribute quantum information to different parties.
We report on a quantum interference experiment to probe the coherence between two photons coming from nondegenerate photon pairs at telecom wavelength created in spatially separated sources. The two photons are mixed on a beam splitter and we observe a reduction of up to 84% in the net coincidence count rate when the photons are made indistinguishable. This experiment constitutes an important step towards the realization of quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping with independent sources.
We generate bipartite states of light which exhibit an absence of multiphoton coincidence events between two modes amid a constant background flux. These "correlated photon holes" are produced by mixing a coherent state and relatively weak spontaneous parametric down-conversion by using a balanced beam splitter. Correlated holes with arbitrarily high photon numbers may be obtained by adjusting the relative phase and amplitude of the inputs. We measure states of up to five photons and verify their nonclassicality. The scheme provides a route for observation of high-photon-number nonclassical correlations without requiring intense quantum resources.