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arXiv:quant-ph/0605215 · Journal of Mathematical Physics

Unified theory of annihilation-creation operators for solvable (“discrete”) quantum mechanics

Satoru Odake, Ryu Sasaki B

Published Oct 1, 2006• 73 citations
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Abstract

The annihilation-creation operators a(±) are defined as the positive/negative frequency parts of the exact Heisenberg operator solution for the “sinusoidal coordinate”. Thus a(±) are hermitian conjugate to each other and the relative weights of various terms in them are solely determined by the energy spectrum. This unified method applies to most of the solvable quantum mechanics of single degree of freedom including those belonging to the “discrete” quantum mechanics.

DOI
10.1063/1.2349485

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The annihilation-creation operators a(±) are defined as the positive/negative frequency parts of the exact Heisenberg operator solution for the “sinusoidal coordinate”. Thus a(±) are hermitian conjugate to each other and the relative weights of various terms in them are solely determined by the energy spectrum. This unified method applies to most of the solvable quantum mechanics of single degree of freedom including those belonging to the “discrete” quantum mechanics.
Various examples of exactly solvable ‘discrete’ quantum mechanics are explored explicitly with emphasis on shape invariance, Heisenberg operator solutions, annihilation-creation operators, the dynamical symmetry algebras and coherent states. The eigenfunctions are the (q-) Askey-scheme of hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials satisfying difference equation versions of the Schrödinger equation. Various reductions (restrictions) of the symmetry algebra of the Askey-Wilson system are explored in detail.
Exact Heisenberg operator solutions for independent “sinusoidal coordinates” as many as the degree of freedom are derived for typical exactly solvable multiparticle quantum mechanical systems, the Calogero systems [J. Math. Phys.12, 419 (1971)] based on any root system. These Heisenberg operator solutions also present the explicit forms of the annihilation-creation operators for various quanta in the interacting multiparticle systems. At the same time they can be interpreted as multivariable generalization of the three term recurrence relations for multivariable orthogonal polynomials constituting the eigenfunctions.
Based on Gaussian wave packet solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, a generalization of the conventional creation and annihilation operators and the corresponding coherent states can be obtained. This generalization includes systems where also the width of the coherent states is time-dependent as they occur for harmonic oscillators with time-dependent frequency or systems in contact with a dissipative environment. The key point is the replacement of the frequency ω 0 that occurs in the usual definition of the creation/annihilation operator by a complex time-dependent function that fulfils a nonlinear Riccati equation. This equation and its solutions depend on the system under consideration and on the (complex) initial conditions. Formal similarities also exist with supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The generalized creation and annihilation operators also allow to construct exact analytic solutions of the free motion Schrödinger equation in terms of Hermite polynomials with time-dependent variable.
Quantum matrix algebras s u q (2) are realized in terms of single-state boson operators and their conjugates, ( a + , a ), ( b + , b ), etc., specified as quantum analogs of symplectons. The boson operators obey the linear transformation of S U q (2) such as a ′ + = a + x + a v and a ′ = a + u + a y . Here, x , u , v , y are non-commutative elements which commute with a + and a . Commutation relations for creation and annihilation operators are determined so as to be invariant under the linear transformation. Exchange algebras with the universal R j ′ j ′′ matrix are realized in terms of P ( j ′ , m ′ ; b ), P ( j ′′ , m ′′ ; a ), etc., where P ( j ′ , m ′ ; b ) is the j z ′ = m ′ component of rank- j ′ tensor written as an order-2 j ′ polynomial in b + and b .
We propose a new unified theoretical framework to construct equivalent representations of the multi-state Hamiltonian operator and present several approaches for the mapping onto the Cartesian phase space. After mapping an F-dimensional Hamiltonian onto an F+1 dimensional space, creation and annihilation operators are defined such that the F+1 dimensional space is complete for any combined excitation. Commutation and anti-commutation relations are then naturally derived, which show that the underlying degrees of freedom are neither bosons nor fermions. This sets the scene for developing equivalent expressions of the Hamiltonian operator in quantum mechanics and their classical/semiclassical counterparts. Six mapping models are presented as examples. The framework also offers a novel way to derive such as the well-known Meyer-Miller model.