In this paper, an unextendible product basis and exact-entanglement bases of three qubit is given, and the properties of entanglement for exact-entanglement bases are also discussed. In addition, the bound entangled mixed state is obtained from the exact-entanglement bases.
An unextendible product basis (UPB) for a multipartite quantum system is an incomplete orthogonal product basis whose complementary subspace contains no product state. We give examples of UPBs, and show that the uniform mixed state over the subspace complementary to any UPB is a bound entangled state. We exhibit a tripartite $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ UPB whose complementary mixed state has tripartite entanglement but no bipartite entanglement, i.e., all three corresponding $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4$ bipartite mixed states are unentangled. We show that members of a UPB are not perfectly distinguishable by local positive operator valued measurements and classical communication.
The multiqubit bound entangled states that are uniformly mixed over the subspaces complementary to unextendible product bases (UPBs) are interesting members from the peculiar family of bound entangled states. Their entanglement is delocalized and they look separable with respect to any partition into a single party and all remaining parties. Only one example of quantifying the entanglement of this type of states in the case of three-qubit states has been studied [C. Branciard, H. Zhu, L. Chen, and V. Scarani, Evaluation of two different entanglement measures on a bound entangled state, Phys. Rev. A 82, 012327 (2010)]. We provide a systematic procedure for generating decompositions of such states in terms of minimally entangled states. This procedure enables us to measure entanglement in terms of the concurrence for a wide range of families of these bound entangled (BE) states with each family containing an infinite number of states. In particular, we study one family of three-qubit states in addition to six inequivalent families of four-qubit bound entangled states. These studied families are examples that represent all the known 1446 families of four-qubit UPB-based bound entangled states, which means that our method is applicable to all the 1446 families. In addition, a discussion on the matter of applicability of the proposed strategy to additional families is provided. Specifically, the proposed method looks promising for measuring entanglement of other families of UPB-based BE states in addition to some families of symmetric multipartite positive under partial transposition BE states.
We introduce a class of entangled subspaces: completely entangled subspaces of entanglement depth k $(k\text{\ensuremath{-}}\text{CESs})$. These are subspaces of multipartite Hilbert spaces containing only pure states with an entanglement depth of at least k. We present an efficient construction of $k\text{\ensuremath{-}}\text{CESs}$ of any achievable dimensionality in any multipartite scenario. Further, we discuss the relation between these subspaces and unextendible product bases (UPBs). In particular, we establish that there is a nontrivial bound on the cardinality of a UPB whose orthocomplement is a $k\text{\ensuremath{-}}\text{CES}$. Further, we discuss the existence of such UPBs for qubit systems.
Constructing 2×2×4 and 4×4 unextendible product bases and positive-partial-transpose entangled states
The 4-qubit unextendible product basis (UPB) has been recently studied by [Johnston, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 47 (2014) 424034]. From this result we show that there is only one UPB of size 6 and six UPBs of size 9 in $\cH=\bbC^2\ox\bbC^2\ox\bbC^4$, three UPBs of size 9 in $\cK=\bbC^4\ox\bbC^4$, and no UPB of size 7 in $\cH$ and $\cK$. Furthermore we construct a 4-qubit positive-partial-transpose (PPT) entangled state $\r$ of rank seven, and show that it is also a PPT entangled state in $\cH$ and $\cK$, respectively. We analytically derive the geometric measure of entanglement of a special $\r$.
Unextendible product bases (UPBs) have been shown to have many important uses in quantum information theory, particularly in the qubit case. However, very little is known about their mathematical structure beyond three qubits. We present several new results about qubit UPBs, including a complete characterization of all four-qubit UPBs, which we show there are exactly 1446 of. We also show that there exist p -qubit UPBs of almost all sizes less than 2 p . This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to ‘50 years of Bell’s theorem’.