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arXiv:quant-ph/0605066 · IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings

Manipulating time-bin qubits with fiber optics components

Félix Bussières, Yasaman Soudagar, Guido Berlín, S. Lacroix, Nicolas Godbout

Published Sep 22, 2006• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose two experimental schemes to implement arbitrary unitary single qubit operations on single photons encoded in time-bin qubits. Both schemes require fiber optics components that are available with current technology
DOI
10.1109/leosst.2006.1693998

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We show for the first time how deterministic unitary operations on time-bin qubits encoded in single photon pulses can be realized using fiber optics components that are available with current technology. We also generalize this result to operations on time-bin qudits, i.e. ddd-level systems, and show that this can be done efficiently using 2$\times$2 beamsplitters and phase modulators. Important benefits for experimental quantum communication are highlighted. This work shows how to bridge the gap between current proof-of-principle demonstrations and complete, deterministic experiments.
A time-bin qubit is a promising candidate qubit for advanced quantum information processing systems operating over optical fibers or integrated quantum photonic circuits. However, the single- and two-qubit operations of time-bin qubits have been largely unexplored compared with those of polarization qubits. Here, I present a simple scheme for implementing a basic two-qubit operation, namely an ``entangling'' operation of two independent time-bin qubits, based on Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum interference in a high-speed $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ optical switch. With the proposed scheme, the formation of a time-bin entanglement was confirmed experimentally.
We propose methods for the exact synthesis of single-qubit unitaries with high success probability and gate fidelity, considering both time-bin and frequency-bin encodings. The proposed schemes are experimentally implementable with a spectral linear-optical quantum computation (S-LOQC) platform, composed of electro-optic phase modulators and phase-only programmable filters (pulse shapers). We assess the performances in terms of fidelity and probability of the two simplest three-component configurations for arbitrary gate generation in both encodings and give an exact analytical solution for the synthesis of an arbitrary single-qubit unitary in the time-bin encoding, using a single-tone rf driving of the electro-optic modulators. We further investigate the parallelization of arbitrary single-qubit gates over multiple qubits with a compact experimental setup, both for spectral and temporal encodings. We systematically evaluate and discuss the impact of the rf bandwidth, which conditions the number of tones driving the modulators, and of the choice of encoding for different targeted gates. We moreover quantify the number of high-fidelity Hadamard gates that can be synthesized in parallel, with minimal and increasing resources in terms of driving rf tones in a realistic system. Our analysis positions spectral S-LOQC as a promising platform to conduct massively parallel single-qubit operations, with potential applications to quantum metrology and quantum tomography.