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arXiv:quant-ph/0604179 · Chinese Physics

Quantum broadcast communication

Jian Wang, Quan Zhang, Chaojing Tang

Published Jul 1, 2007• 18 citations
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Abstract

Broadcast encryption allows the sender to securely distribute his/her secret to a dynamically changing group of users over a broadcast channel. In this paper, we just take account of a simple broadcast communication task in quantum scenario, in which the central party broadcasts his secret to multi-receiver via quantum channel. We present three quantum broadcast communication schemes. The first scheme utilizes entanglement swapping and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state to fulfil a task that the central party broadcasts the secret to a group of receivers who share a group key with him. In the second scheme, based on dense coding, the central party broadcasts the secret to multi-receiver, each of which shares an authentication key with him. The third scheme is a quantum broadcast communication scheme with quantum encryption, in which the central party can broadcast the secret to any subset of the legal receivers.

DOI
10.1088/1009-1963/16/7/011

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Broadcast encryption allows the sender to securely distribute his/her secret to a dynamically changing group of users over a broadcast channel. In this paper, we just take account of a simple broadcast communication task in quantum scenario, in which the central party broadcasts his secret to multi-receiver via quantum channel. We present three quantum broadcast communication schemes. The first scheme utilizes entanglement swapping and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state to fulfil a task that the central party broadcasts the secret to a group of receivers who share a group key with him. In the second scheme, based on dense coding, the central party broadcasts the secret to multi-receiver, each of which shares an authentication key with him. The third scheme is a quantum broadcast communication scheme with quantum encryption, in which the central party can broadcast the secret to any subset of the legal receivers.
In wireless quantum networks, nodes communicate by means of pre-distribution for entangled pairs and relay path establishment for quantum teleportation. However, simple point-to-point communication seriously restricts the efficiency of quantum communication. Inspired by sharing idea of quantum secret sharing (QSS), which is based on three collaborative nodes with pre-shared GHZ (Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger) states, we propose a quantum secret broadcast scheme to improve network performance. In a cluster net-work cored on three parties of QSS, three cluster heads with pre-shared GHZ states are senders, while cluster members are receivers. One cluster head encodes secret messages on auxiliary particles by performing certain operations on them with GHZ particles, then three cluster heads measure their own par-ticles and broadcast measurement results honestly. Based on the specific correlation of measurement results and secret messages, all receivers can re-cover the secret messages. Furthermore, to prevent eavesdropping, cluster heads can update an encoding key periodically. Analysis shows the proposed scheme is more efficient than previous schemes in wireless quantum net-works, especially when the number of receivers is larger. Besides, in the proposed scheme, attacks on quantum channel based on GHZ state can be detected, and eavesdroppers cannot recover messages correctly for lack of suitable decoding key.
Quantum entanglement assisted with measurements provides various pathways to communicate information to parties within a network. In this work, we generalize a previous broadcasting protocol and present schemes to broadcast product and multipartite entangled quantum states, where in the latter case the sender can remotely add phase gates or abort distributing the states. We first focus on the broadcasting of product quantum states in a network, and generalize the basic protocol to include an arbitrary basis rotation and allow for multiple receivers and senders. We show how to add and delete senders from the network. The generalization also includes the case where a phase to be applied to the broadcast states is not known in advance but is provided to a sender encoded in another quantum state. Applications of broadcasting product states include authentication and three-state quantum cryptography. In the second part, we study the distribution of a single multiqubit state shared among several receivers entangled with multiqubit phase gates, which includes the graph states as an example. We show that by coordinating with the sender, the receivers can assist in performing remote, distributed measurement-based quantum computation with the Pauli-XXX basis measurement alone. As another application of this, we discuss the distribution of the multiqubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state.
A three-party controlled deterministic secure quantum communication scheme through entanglement swapping is proposed firstly. In the scheme, the sender needs to prepare a class of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states which are used as quantum channel. The two communicators may securely communicate under the control of the controller if the quantum channel is safe. The roles of the sender, the receiver, and the controller can be exchanged owing to the symmetry of the quantum channel. Different from other controlled quantum secure communication schemes, the scheme needs lesser additional classical information for transferring secret information. Finally, it is generalized to a multiparty controlled deterministic secure quantum communication scheme.
In this paper, we present an (n, n) threshold quantum secret sharing scheme of secure direct communication using Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. The present scheme is efficient in that all the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states used in the quantum secret sharing scheme are used to generate shared secret messages except those chosen for checking eavesdropper. In our scheme, the measuring basis of communication parties is invariable and the classical information used to check eavesdropping needs only the results of measurements of the communication parties. Another nice feature of our scheme is that the sender transmit her secret messages to the receivers directly and the receivers recover the sender's secret by combining their results, different from the QSS scheme whose object is essentially to allow a sender to establish a shared key with the receivers. This feature of our scheme is similar to that of quantum secret direct communication.
We propose here a quantum secret sharing scheme that works for both quantum and classical secrets. The proposed scheme is based on both entanglement swapping and teleportation together. It allows sender to encrypt his/her secret and simultaneously distribute decryption information of the encrypted secret among distant parties where decryption shares are nonlocally correlated with each other. Two-fold quantum non-local correlations, generated through entanglement swapping and then teleporting quantum states over swapped maximally entangled pairs, guarantee both authentication and secrecy of the secret from internal as well as external eavesdroppers. For classical secrets, we demonstrate a direct (2,2) quantum secret sharing scheme where neither pre-shared key nor physically secure quantum/classical channel are required. The same scheme turns out to be a (5,5) quantum secret sharing scheme for quantum secrets if sender and receivers have private quantum/classical channels among them.