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arXiv:quant-ph/0604103

A novel interferometer to beat the standard quantum limit using optical transverse modes in multimode waveguide

Jian Bo Fu

Published Apr 14, 2006• 0 citations
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Abstract

We propose a novel interferometer by using optical transverse modes in multimode waveguide that can beat the standard quantum limit. In the scheme, the classical simulation of $N$-partical quantum entangled states is generated by using $N$ independent classical fields and linear optical elements. Similar to the quantum-enhanced measurements, the classical simulation can also achieve $\sqrt{N}$ enhancement over the precision of the measurement $N$ times for independent fields. Due to only using classical fields and linear optical elements, the scheme can be realized much more easily.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0604103

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We propose a novel interferometer by using optical transverse modes in multimode waveguide that can beat the standard quantum limit. In the scheme, the classical simulation of NNN-partical quantum entangled states is generated by using NNN independent classical fields and linear optical elements. Similar to the quantum-enhanced measurements, the classical simulation can also achieve N\sqrt{N}N​ enhancement over the precision of the measurement NNN times for independent fields. Due to only using classical fields and linear optical elements, the scheme can be realized much more easily.
We discuss ``mode-entangled states'' based on the optical transverse modes of the optical field propagating in multimode waveguides, which are classical simulation of the quantum entangled states. The simulation is discussed in detail, including the violation of the Bell inequality and the correlation properties of optical pulses' group delays. The research on this simulation may be important, for it not only provides useful insights into fundamental features of quantum entanglement, but also yields interesting insights into quantum computation and quantum communication.
We numerically demonstrate that ‘mode-entangled states’ based on the transverse modes of classical optical fields in multimode waveguides violate Bell's inequality. Numerically simulating the correlation measurement scheme of Bell's inequality, we obtain the normalized correlation functions of the intensity fluctuations for the two entangled classical fields. By using the correlation functions, the maximum violations of Bell's inequality are obtained. This implies that the two classical fields in the mode-entangled states, although spatially separated, present a nonlocal correlation.
We numerically demonstrate that "mode-entangled states" based on the transverse modes of classical optical fields in multimode waveguides violate Bell's inequality. Numerically simulating the correlation measurement scheme of Bell's inequality, we obtain the normalized correlation functions of the intensity fluctuations for the two entangled classical fields. By using the correlation functions, the maximum violations of Bell's inequality are obtained. This implies that the two classical fields in the mode-entangled states, although spatially separated, present a nonlocal correlation.
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A fully optical method to perform quantum computation with transverse modes of the optical field propagating in waveguide is proposed by supplying the prescriptions for a universal set of quantum gates. The proposal for quantum computation is based on implementing a quantum bit with two normal modes of multi-mode waveguides. The proposed C-NOT gate has the potential of being more compact and easily realized than some optical implementations, since it is based on planar lightwave circuit technology and can be constructed by using Mach-Zehnder interferometer having semiconductor optical amplifiers with very large refractive nonlinearitv in its arms.
Precision measurements are important across all fields of science. In particular, optical phase measurements can be used to measure distance, position, displacement, acceleration, and optical path length. Quantum entanglement enables higher precision than would otherwise be possible. We demonstrated an optical phase measurement with an entangled four-photon interference visibility greater than the threshold to beat the standard quantum limit-the limit attainable without entanglement. These results open the way for new high-precision measurement applications.