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arXiv:quant-ph/0603273 · New Journal of Physics

Deterministic entanglement and tomography of ion–spin qubits

Jonathan Home, M J McDonnell, D M Lucas, Gergely Imreh, B. C. Keitch, D. J. Szwer, Nathaniel R. Thomas, S. C. Webster, Derek N. Stacey, Andrew M. Steane

Published Sep 12, 2006• 88 citations
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Abstract

We have implemented a universal quantum logic gate between qubits stored in the spin state of a pair of trapped 40 Ca ions. An initial product state was driven to a maximally entangled state deterministically, with 83% fidelity. We present a general approach to quantum state tomography which achieves good robustness to experimental noise and drift, and use it to measure the spin state of the ions. We find the entanglement of formation is 0.54.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/8/9/188

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We have implemented a universal quantum logic gate between qubits stored in the spin state of a pair of trapped 40 Ca ions. An initial product state was driven to a maximally entangled state deterministically, with 83% fidelity. We present a general approach to quantum state tomography which achieves good robustness to experimental noise and drift, and use it to measure the spin state of the ions. We find the entanglement of formation is 0.54.
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Three Ca-40 ions trapped in a linear Paul trap serve as a three-qubit register that can be manipulated by series of suitably tailored laser pulses. We implement deterministic quantum teleportation in the following way: First, we create a maximally entangled pair of ions that will be shared between the sending and the receiving party. Next, the third quantum bit is prepared in an arbitrary quantum state that will be teleported to the quantum bit of the receiver (the target). This is done by measuring the quantum bits of the sender in a basis of maximally entangled states and depending on the measurement result - applying one out of four unitary transformations to the target qubit. This teleportation protocol can be completely characterized by preparing six different input states and tomographically reconstructing the corresponding output states. The information obtained in this way is used for reconstructing the quantum process with the help of a maximum-likelihood technique.
We integrate a long-lived memory qubit into a mixed-species trapped-ion quantum network node. Ion-photon entanglement first generated with a network qubit in ^{88}Sr^{+} is transferred to ^{43}Ca^{+} with 0.977(7) fidelity, and mapped to a robust memory qubit. We then entangle the network qubit with a second photon, without affecting the memory qubit. We perform quantum state tomography to show that the fidelity of ion-photon entanglement decays ∼70 times slower on the memory qubit. Dynamical decoupling further extends the storage duration; we measure an ion-photon entanglement fidelity of 0.81(4) after 10 s.
High-fidelity two-qubit entangling gates play an important role in many quantum information processing tasks and are a necessary building block for constructing a universal quantum computer. Such high-fidelity gates have been demonstrated on trapped-ion qubits; however, control errors and noise in gate parameters may still lead to reduced fidelity. Here we propose and demonstrate a general family of two-qubit entangling gates which are robust to different sources of noise and control errors. These gates generalize the renowned Mølmer-Sørensen gate by using multitone drives. We experimentally implemented several of the proposed gates on ^{88}Sr^{+} ions trapped in a linear Paul trap and verified their resilience.
We demonstrate a trapped-ion entangling-gate scheme proposed by Bermudez et al. [Phys. Rev. A 85, 040302 (2012)]. Simultaneous excitation of a strong carrier and a single-sideband transition enables deterministic creation of entangled states. The method works for magnetic field-insensitive states, is robust against thermal excitations, includes dynamical decoupling from qubit dephasing errors, and provides simplifications in experimental implementation compared to some other entangling gates with trapped ions. We achieve a Bell state fidelity of 0.974(4) and identify the main sources of error.