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arXiv:quant-ph/0603066

A Quantum Key Distribution Protocol with Selecting Announced States, Robust against Photon Number Splitting Attacks

Makoto Eguchi, Manabu Hagiwara, Hideki Imai

Published Mar 8, 2006• 0 citations
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Abstract

We propose a new class of quantum key distribution protocol, that ended up to be robust against photon number splitting attacks in the weak laser pulse implementations. This protocol comprises of BB84 protocol and SARG protocol, especially in aspects of controlling classical sifting procedures of two protocols. The protocol is more secure than both of BB84 protocol and SARG protocol, and the ultimate limit of robustness in the proposed protocol expands as well than both of them.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0603066

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We propose a new class of quantum key distribution protocol, that ended up to be robust against photon number splitting attacks in the weak laser pulse implementations. This protocol comprises of BB84 protocol and SARG protocol, especially in aspects of controlling classical sifting procedures of two protocols. The protocol is more secure than both of BB84 protocol and SARG protocol, and the ultimate limit of robustness in the proposed protocol expands as well than both of them.
We show that replacing the usual sifting step of the standard quantum-key-distribution protocol BB84 by a one-way reverse reconciliation procedure increases its robustness against photon-number-splitting (PNS) attacks to the level of the SARG04 protocol while keeping the raw key-rate of BB84. This protocol, which uses the same state and detection than BB84, is the m=4 member of a protocol-family using m polarization states which we introduce here. We show that the robustness of these protocols against PNS attacks increases exponentially with m, and that the effective keyrate of optimized weak coherent pulses decreases with the transmission T like T^{1+1/(m-2)}.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an enabling technology to current modern cryptography which utilizes nature properties of light to transfer key information safely over an unsecured channel. Via this application, both communicating parties can share an identical secret key for their chosen cryptographic scheme in various applications which demand a protection to their highly important message. A designated key bits reconciliation method is known as QKD protocol. The first ever protocol introduced and popularly used is the Bennett and Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol. However the implementation with current technology has restricted its primary capability to guarantee the security of secret key establishment. As a result, it is vulnerable to Eavesdropping attack. This leads many works on practical protocol and the most significant contribution having used the same setup as the BB84 protocol is the Scarani, Acin, Ribordy and Gisin 2004 (SARG04) protocol. The SARG04 is more robust against photon number splitting attacks and double the BB84 critical transmission distance. Nevertheless SARG04 protocol still has lower percentage of sifted key bit compared to BB84 protocol. Therefore this study has embarked its objectives on identifying and proposing a new QKD protocol which can improve the robustness while allowing higher final key length. The alternative protocol is designed by combining the existing SARG04 decoding with improved SARG04 decoding (ISARG04). Unlike SARG04 which discards any inconclusive result from his measurement, ISARG04 will always accept the non orthogonal state with half probability of error. The robustness of the proposed protocol is simulated based on simple Intercept Resend attack and photon number splitting attacks in quantum key distribution. This new protocol is robust up to two photons per pulse and has an improvement to secure transmissions of bits at higher link loss, up to 26.7 dB. In summary, this work has presented an improved discrete variable protocol which improved the sifted key length and robust to eavesdropping. It is hope that, this contribution might be a breakthrough for near future QKD protocol.
We propose a class of quantum cryptography protocols that are robust against photon-number-splitting attacks (PNS) in a weak coherent-pulse implementation. We give a quite exhaustive analysis of several eavesdropping attacks on these schemes. The honest parties (Alice and Bob) use present-day technology, in particular an attenuated laser as an approximation of a single-photon source. The idea of the protocols is to exploit the nonorthogonality of quantum states to decrease the information accessible to Eve due to the multiphoton pulses produced by the imperfect source. The distance at which the key distribution becomes insecure due to the PNS attack is significantly increased compared to the existing schemes. We also show that strong-pulse implementations, where a strong pulse is included as a reference, allow for key distribution robust against photon-number-splitting attacks.